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This essay extends research on the relationships between human security, biopolitics and geopolitics by examining the securitisation of HIV/AIDS. Taking the geopolitical moment of the end of the Cold War, we put forward two competing framings of AIDS as a geopolitical concern. One of these was liberal multiculturalism via an acceptance of a multilateral rights-based international framework, while the other was a form of unipolar colonialism whereby global governance was based on a subset of US national values. We then critically engage with both in relation to the development of international AIDS policies throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s. We conclude by reflecting on the wide-ranging implications of these pathways today.

ABSTRACT: This essay extends research on the relationships between human security, bio-politics and geopolitics by examining the securitisation of HIV/AIDS. Taking the geopolitical moment of the end of the Cold War, we put forward two competing framings of AIDS as a geopolitical concern. One of these was liberal multiculturalism via an acceptance of a multilateral rights-based international framework, while the other was a form of unipolar colonialism whereby global governance was based on a subset of US national values. We then critically engage with both in relation to the development of international AIDS policies throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s. We conclude by reflecting on the wide-ranging implications of these pathways today.

Qualitative data from England illustrate the way coping strategies form an integral part of the everyday lifestyles of injectors of illicit drugs. Ethnographic investigation of social networks and the rules which underpin them is crucial in devising appropriate community-based interventions. Such networks are characterized by functional and reciprocal relations. Peer education and health advocacy takes place on an informal basis. Key figures who adopt these roles should be encouraged to act as Indigenous Advocates as part of interventions which place drug users and their everyday lives at the core. Rules and social etiquettes of networks are not always positive for the public health agenda, as illustrated by the sharing of injecting paraphernalia and the injecting taboo among the Afro-Caribbean community. Ethnographic study can pinpoint foci for intervention. Harm minimization needs to be promoted using all the resources available, including the informal protective strategies of drug users and outreach interventions aimed at specific issues and targeted toward particular groups.

Cover; Contents; Preface; List of Figures; List of Tables; Abbreviations; Notes on Contributors; Introduction; 1. Spatial justice, housing and financial crisis; 2. Territorial politics after the global financial crisis; 3. Spatial justice and housing in Ireland; 4. 'Planning gain' in a time of crisis; 5. Greening the economy in Ireland: Challenges and possibilities for just transitions through clustering for cleantech; 6. The nature of uneven economic development in Ireland, 1991-2011; 7. Environmental justice, childhood deprivation, and urban regeneration; 8. Health and spatial justice.