Suchergebnisse

Using data on 54,373 migrants from the Fifth Sampling Survey of the Floating Population of Shanghai, this article isolates a group of 32,967 rural labor migrants who hold rural household registrations and whose previous occupations were in agriculture, and focuses on the women among them. The demographic and occupational characteristics of these 9,124 women are described, demonstrating that migration to Shanghai is a highly gendered process, with men and women working in different occupations and sectors. Moreover, important differences are found to exist between unmarried and married female rural labor migrants that indicate that the latter are probably accompanying and working with their migrant husbands. A significant proportion of female "social" migrants also exhibit characteristics that indicate that they are the spouses of male rural labor migrants, bringing to over one third the proportion of rural labor migrants to Shanghai who could be migrating as couples. These couples and their children may be the vanguard in a transition from temporary labor migration to settlement in China's large cities.

Assesses role of US pressure and efforts of the Sandinista government and other Latin American nations in the outcome of the Nicaraguan conflict.

Traditional adolescence is being undermined by a series of interrelated trends. Youth unemployment is now proving resilient in the face of economic relation & growth. The current victims are better educated & qualified, & have higher aspirations & expectations, than the victims of earlier recessions. It is no longer technically necessary, nor even economically advantageous, to absorb all the time released from work by further educational expansion. The child-centered family is in long-term decline, & cannot be relied on to carry additional responsibilities. Young people's current situations are novel in several respects: (1) Economic independence no longer precedes but is being delayed beyond the acquisition of other adult rights & responsibilities. (2) Adulthood has become more fluid. This means that young people no longer have cause to rebel against their imprisonment by secure trajectories. They are now denied any certain destinations. (3) Consumer roles & ascribed statuses have become the principal resources with which young people must establish adult independence. Up to now, young people's majority response to this new situation has been to attempt to cling to normality. However, it may be the minorities of young people who are pioneering new ways of living who have history on their side, insofar as the conditions on which hitherto normal adolescent & adult careers were based are disappearing. 2 Photographs, 50 References. AA