Suchergebnisse

In this note an attempt is made to extend the wholesale price
index prepared in the Institute of Development Economics1 to 1960-61.
That index, which was computed for the East and West wings separately
and for the whole of Pakistan, covered a period of nine years from
1951-52 to 1959-60 (July-June) with 1951-52 as the base year. The West
Pakistan index covers 35 commodities while the commodities included in
East Pakistan index number 25. The weights for each wing are derived
from the net quantity available to final users in each year. It should
be remembered that this whole¬sale price index is not an all-purpose
general price index; its coverage and scope are limited. It is a measure
of annual wholesale price changes for certain goods in East and in West
Pakistan. Further details of the index may be found in the monograph
cited in footnotel. The present index for 1960-61 is computed by the
Laspeyres formula alone as it was not possible to calculate the Paasche
index without information on quantities available during 1960-61.2 For
the same reason it is not possible to extend the analysis of quantity
indices previously presented for both wings of Pakistan.3

This study was carried out on two hundred patients divided into two groups, each comprising hundred to compare "nothing per oral duration in patients undergoing elective surgery in government and private hospitals". NPO duration in government hospitals ranged 8 to 19 hours mean 12 hour while in private hospitals NPO duration ranged 4 hour to 10 hour while mean duration was 7 hour. It was seen that NPO duration in patients for surgery in government hospitals was far in excess than recommended and twice than maximum recommended NPO time. The reason for this increase in NPO duration was long list of patients undergoing surgery in government hospitals. The second reason seemed to be that patients appeared to be commencing their NPO long before nil by mouth status was imposed by ward staff. This prolonged NPO duration adds psychological stress to the patients and their relatives. This could be harmful to the hypertensive, ischaemic heart disease and diabetic patients.it is suggested that patients should be explained in detail when to fast exactly and operation list should be planned according to number of operation tables and surgeons availability.