Suchergebnisse

This article addresses the question of how Transnational Corporations (TNCs) affect the process of industrialisation in the Third World. An empirical analysis of corporate concentration, manufacturing investments, factors facilitating global industrial restruc turing, and the emergence of Export Processing Zones in Third World countries is offered. The evidence suggests that the short term effects of TNC investments on foreign exchange earnings are positive, but the long term effects rather negative. The employment effects of TNCs are found to be marginal, while jobs are typically unskilled and monotonous. Linkages within corporations' own international production networks are usually preferred to links with host economies. The bargaining position of TNCs vis-à-vis Third World governments is favourable: companies are mobile and there is an abundance of alternative production sites.

SUMMARY The article examines the distinctive ideological character of Southern African national liberation, compared with earlier African nationalism. The case study is the Political Programme of Namibia's liberation movement, SWAPO. Its theme is to differentiate national (political independence, national unity, egalitarianism) from liberation goals (social emancipation, mobilisation, self reliance). This distinction is vital in terms of determining the character of post‐colonial restructuring in an independent African state.RÉSUMÉ Namibie : L'idéologie de la libération nationaleCet article examine le caractère idéologique particulier de la libération nationale dans le sud de l'Afrique et la compare au nationalisme africain antérieur. L'étude de cas est le Programme politique du mouvement de libération de la Namibie, SWAPO. Son but est de différencier les objectifs nationaux (indépendance politique, unité nationale, égalit‐arisme) des objectifs de libération (émancipation sociale, mobilisation, autonomie). Cette distinction est vitale pour déterminer le caractère de la restructuration post‐coloniale d'un état africain indépendant.RESUMEN Namibia : la ideología de la liberación nacionalEn el artículo se examina el carácter ideológico distintivo de la liberación nacional de Africa Meridional, comparada con anteriores nacionalismos africanos. El estudio de casos es el programa político del movimiento de liberación de Namibia, SWAPO. Su tema consiste en establecer diferencias nacionales (independencia política, unidad nacional, igualdad) con los objectivos de liberación (emancipación social, movilización, autodependencia). Esta distinción es vital para determinar el carácter de la reestrucuración posterior al periodo colonial en un estado africano independiente.

Kurzdarstellung der Auswirkungen von Strukturanpassungsprogrammen auf die Bevölkerung; Forderung nach einer veränderten Konzeption dieser Programme

Responding to the pressing demands of developing countries as well as to the changing format of the North-South dialogue the idea of selective region-to-region, the North-South cooperation arrangements - sometimes called "Mini-NIEO" (= Mini New International Economic Order) - has been expressed. One example is the Nordic-SADCC initiative. The objective of this volume is to assess potentials of the Nordic-SADCC initiative, or of any similar type of region-to-region cooperation scheme. The analysis is based on an examination of different types of selective arangements in the North-South context. Both past records and new initiatives are investigated. Also, the concept of Mini-NIEO is related to the current global North-South discourse