Suchergebnisse

Aim: The article is devoted to the problem of financial abuses and frauds that undermines the public finances of EU and public interest.Motivation: The problem is not new and it is known for several years. There is no doubt that investments funded by the EU are common. A huge amount of EU money is also a huge temptation and purpose of economic crimes. Over the years, the EU and the Member States already took some action to prevent from embezzlement of the EU budget. Until now, the main institution that coordinated the fight against these phenomena was the European Commission and its structure, especially the European Anti-Fraud Office. Fighting against economic crimes violating the interests of the EU is difficult for the procedural reasons. European investigators have no prosecuting power. Investigative role is limited to gathering evidence and transferring it to the national prosecuting authorities. After that European investigators lose the control over conducted case. The Treaty on the functioning of the European Union gives us another tool to fight the frauds. It seems that the solution is to establish the European Public Prosecutor Office (EPPO) with full procedural rights to prosecute violators. That's why the general thesis is that EPPO should be established as soon as it is possible to help prevent EU citizens money in more effective way than it is today. However this could be a contribution for the next article concerning the economic analysis of the law and the impact of new regulations on security funds entrusted to the EU.Results: The idea of establishing an EPPO has almost 10 years and was initiated in the connection with the latest financial crisis. Unfortunately, despite declarations and attempts to start it in January 2015 it is still not known if and when it will actually work. The article also takes the issue of commitment and various visions of the Member States of achieving the EU budget safety and other problems on this ground.

Defence date: 15 January 2016 ; Examining Board: Prof. Pavel Kolár, European University Institute; Prof. Pieter Judson, European University Insitute; Prof. Dr. Claudia Kraft, Universität Sigen; Dr. Jim Bjork, King's College London ; This dissertation examines the symbolic urban landscape in the four cities of Prussia and Austria-Hungary in the period 1867-1914. Following a theoretical discussion of the symbolic politics and construction of collective memories three chapters deal with the key elements of city-text: street names, monuments and architecture of public buildings. The following chapter focuses on public responses to reshaping of the four cities in that period. Finally, in the conclusions all the different threads are pulled together and further lines of enquiry are presented. Using a variety of primary sources (administrative files, newspapers, address books, maps, iconography) street names, monuments and architecture of public buildings are examined in terms of who was involved in creating these symbolic items, where in the given city space they were located and what symbolic messages they conveyed. The examination of the processes which resulted in erecting of symbolic markers in the four cities allow us not only to better understand how definitions of German and Polish national communities changed in the second half of the long nineteenth century, but also how different social, economical and political circumstances influenced the understanding of each national category. Furthermore, the examination of the symbolic sphere gives an insight into power relations on municipal as well as state level. As this dissertation shows, the symbolic urban landscape was an important arena on which emerging power of the cities confronted the existing power structures of the state and the army. Moreover, powerful individuals used the symbolic resources to strengthen their position within the given community, but also to legitimise their social class. For this reason this dissertation not only contributes to the field of nationalism, memory studies and symbolic politics, but also to the political history of Prussia and Austria-Hungary.

Manifesté entre 1876 et 1887 par la présentation publique, aux expositions impressionnistes principalement, d'œuvres clairement désignées comme décoratives par leurs auteurs, puis incarné dans plus de vingt ensembles intentionnellement conçus comme décorations pour des intérieurs, l'intérêt des Impressionnistes pour la décoration a jusqu'ici été largement occulté de l'étude de ce mouvement. Pourtant, entre 1870 et 1900 chez Pissarro, Degas, Cézanne, Monet, Renoir, Morisot et Caillebotte, et au-delà pour Renoir et Monet, la décoration et les valeurs du décoratif en art se révèlent des enjeux majeurs. L'analyse de ces expérimentations – publicisées par les peintres avant que d'être poursuivies moins ouvertement, et parallèlement éreintées par la critique qui en fera cependant, à la fin du siècle, le levier d'une interprétation laudatrice de l'impressionnisme – nous permet de relire une vaste partie de la production impressionniste et d'en découvrir de puissants ressorts, encore souvent insoupçonnés.

Retail trade in alcoholic beverages may be carried out in Poland upon obtainment of an individual permit issued by the mayor of the respective municipality. The proposal presented in this paper is to modify the discretionary power of an administrative agency that issues such individualdecisions. The criteria for successful application should be made public before the very first application is submitted.For an applicant seeking an individual permit, a local self-government is nothing else but a model of democratic staffing of local public offices, not a safeguard of an individual's legal interests. Therefore, entrusting a local self-government entity with the authority to issue discretionary decisions in individual cases does not relieve the parliament of the responsibility to protect the addressees of discretionary decisions against arbitrary choices by a local self-government authority. Every time a local self-government decides on public law duties and prerogatives of an individual whilst not-being a unit of public administration, a negative presumption of competence should apply that 'nothing, not expressly permitted by law is allowed to be used by an administrative authority.'

Beurteilung der Krisenlage in einzelnen Wirtschaftsbereichen Polens und Probleme bei Ausarbeitung eines stabilisierenden Wirtschaftsprogramms der Jaruzelski-Regierung. Diskussionsbeitrag des zuständigen Ministers auf dem 9.Plenum des ZK PVAP. BIOst/Crp

The legislator assumed that an application should be submitted for retirement and disability benefits from the general insurance system. When determining the form and content of the application, the legislator did not directly specify its legal nature, which is important for both the applicant and the pension authority. The specific nature of the benefit application implies legal consequences in terms of legal, factual and technical actions undertaken by the pension authority after submitting the benefit application. By analyzing the existing legal norms of a procedural nature, it is possible to determine these effects and, through their prism, determine the nature of an application for a pension benefit as an important element of a legal transaction.