Suchergebnisse

A study of the dacoits of the Chambal River valley was undertaken to determine what special circumstances exist to make them to take to dacoity, or whether these outlaws had a psychopathic disposition. The study sample consisted of 50 dacoits, compared with 50 aggressive criminals and 50 normals (non-criminals) from the same region. Among the most important factors contributing to their choosing this particular criminal career were: insecure childhood, enemity, psychopathic or wayward tendencies, belonging to a family of outlaws, rejection by society, extremely discordant family conditions, and the influence of operating dacoits. Dacoity is a form of robbery with violence which is prevalent in various parts of the Indian sub-continent. This kind of crime is usually committed by a gang, armed with all kinds of modern weaponry, practices and methods differ from place to place. A region with special characteristics of its own runs for several hundred kilometers, on both the sides of the Chambal River and its tributaries, on the borders of three states. This area is nearly 250 kms. south and south east of Delhi, and consists of a barren tract, with a maze of ravines, extending to depths of 15-20 kms. on both the sides of the river. Communications are very poor, villages are difficult to reach on foot and the population is sparse, which gives an added advantage and provides an ideal hiding place for the dacoits infesting the region. The institution of dacoity can be traced to the times of the early Muslim invasions, when the vanquished Rajput princes took refuge in Chambal hide-outs to carry out guerilla activities from there. Since then, the area has always been a refuge for political fugitives. A good first- hand description of Chambal dacoits was given in Mughal times by two priests, Father Aquaviva and Father Monserat, who travelled from Goa to the Mughal courts through the area. During the heyday of the princely states, the dacoit Chiefs had considerable influence, both politically and socially, and were bestowed favours by the ruling princes. Their men were employed in the state army and police, and enjoyed certain privileges. The status-quo was maintained during British rule, with the result that these dacoit chieftains were kept contained in the region. Their economic problems were relieved, and they maintained peace and order in the territory. Subsequent to the granting of independence to India, the ruling princes lost their privileges and power. Their militia was disbanded and little effort was made to understand the problems of the inhabitants of the region, nor the enormity of the issues involved. As a result, the whole of the Chambal area went into turmoil, and unrestrained gang activity broke out, with multiplication of the gangs, each working on its own. In spite of the deployment of a large police force, the gang activities were little affected. Since then, various measures have been instituted to tackle the dacoit menace. A novel experiment of the Change of Heart movement by Acharya Vinoba Bhave resulted in the voluntary surrender of large number of dacoits, in whom dormant feeling of self remorse was kindled. This paradox provided an opportunity for psycho-social study of this unusual breed of men - the names of some of them were legends. The life histories of some infamous dacoits of the past indicated that they were made of a strange mettle, their activities ranging from extreme compunction and pity to unrestrained fury and sadistic cruelty, thus creating an atmosphere of awe and respect in the region. The purpose of the investigation was to see if special factors or circumstances existed in the lives of these men, which made them choose their particular career, in comparison to normals and other criminals of the same region.

This anthology brings together Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar's works on the theme of Democracy. The editors of this volume have assembled Ambedkar's original writings including his memorandums, speeches, lectures, and talks from 1919-1956 to understand his contribution to Indian political thought and history. An introductory chapter binds the anthology together by helping put in context Ambedkar's arguments and perceptions within contemporary debates on Democracy. It captures Ambedkar's political trajectory and addresses how his idea of Democracy is deeply embedded in both the colonial and the post-colonial context. The editors argue that Democracy is not merely a procedural and substantive idea, but relational as well and in Ambedkar it is deeply caught with ideas ofstate, power, nationalism, constitutionalism, equality, and liberty, thus emphasizing its societal and as well as political dimensions. The anthology therefore helps readers think through contemporary political debates in the country within the context of a critical overview of Ambedkar's thoughts on Democracy

PurposeThe study presents various barriers to adopt big data analytics (BDA) for sustainable manufacturing operations (SMOs) post-coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemics. In this study, 17 barriers are identified through extensive literature review and experts' opinions for investing in BDA implementation. A questionnaire-based survey is conducted to collect responses from experts. The identified barriers are grouped into three categories with the help of factor analysis. These are organizational barriers, data management barriers and human barriers. For the quantification of barriers, the graph theory matrix approach (GTMA) is applied.Design/methodology/approachThe study presents various barriers to adopt BDA for the SMOs post-COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, 17 barriers are identified through extensive literature review and experts' opinions for investing in BDA implementation. A questionnaire-based survey is conducted to collect responses from experts. The identified barriers are grouped into three categories with the help of factor analysis. These are organizational barriers, data management barriers and human barriers. For the quantification of barriers, the GTMA is applied.FindingsThe study identifies barriers to investment in BDA implementation. It categorizes the barriers based on factor analysis and computes the intensity for each category of a barrier for BDA investment for SMOs. It is observed that the organizational barriers have the highest intensity whereas the human barriers have the smallest intensity.Practical implicationsThis study may help organizations to take strategic decisions for investing in BDA applications for achieving one of the sustainable development goals. Organizations should prioritize their efforts first to counter the barriers under the category of organizational barriers followed by barriers in data management and human barriers.Originality/valueThe novelty of this paper is that barriers to BDA investment for SMOs in the context of Indian manufacturing organizations have been analyzed. The findings of the study will assist the professionals and practitioners in formulating policies based on the actual nature and intensity of the barriers.

An alert regarding an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying bla NDM-1 and bla OXA-48 carbapenemase-encoding genes was sent by Germany to European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) countries in October 2019. Since only limited whole genome sequencing (WGS) data on bla NDM-1- and bla OXA-48 -positive K. pneumoniae were available in the public domain, national public health reference or equivalent expert laboratories from EU/EEA countries were invited to share WGS data from their national collections with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) to investigate the international dissemination of this epidemic strain. The analysis identified a Finnish case with an isolate closely related to the German outbreak strain and with an epidemiological link to St. Petersburg, Russia. In addition, several other clusters of genetically related bla NDM-1- and bla OXA-48 -positive K. pneumoniae unrelated to the German outbreak strain but affecting numerous EU/EEA countries were identified. The aim of this follow-up investigation was to characterise these clusters based on the integrated analysis of the WGS dataset on bla NDM-1 - and bla OXA-48 -positive K. pneumoniae submitted from 13 EU/EEA countries and additional epidemiological data.

Analysis of sequencing data for 143 bla(NDM-1)- and bla(OXA-48)-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 13 European national collections and the public domain resulted in the identification of 15 previously undetected multi-country transmission clusters. For 10 clusters, cases had prior travel/hospitalisation history in countries outside of the European Union including Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Russia, Serbia, Tunisia and Turkey. These findings highlight the benefit of European whole genome sequencing-based surveillance and data sharing for control of antimicrobial resistance.

Analysis of sequencing data for 143 blaNDM-1- and blaOXA-48-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 13 European national collections and the public domain resulted in the identification of 15 previously undetected multi-country transmission clusters. For 10 clusters, cases had prior travel/hospitalisation history in countries outside of the European Union including Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Russia, Serbia, Tunisia and Turkey. These findings highlight the benefit of European whole genome sequencing-based surveillance and data sharing for control of antimicrobial resistance. ; Peer Reviewed

Analysis of sequencing data for 143 blaNDM-1- and blaOXA-48-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 13 European national collections and the public domain resulted in the identification of 15 previously undetected multi-country transmission clusters. For 10 clusters, cases had prior travel/hospitalisation history in countries outside of the European Union including Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Russia, Serbia, Tunisia and Turkey. These findings highlight the benefit of European whole genome sequencing-based surveillance and data sharing for control of antimicrobial resistance. ; Sí

Analysis of sequencing data for 143 - and -positive isolates from 13 European national collections and the public domain resulted in the identification of 15 previously undetected multi-country transmission clusters. For 10 clusters, cases had prior travel/hospitalisation history in countries outside of the European Union including Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Russia, Serbia, Tunisia and Turkey. These findings highlight the benefit of European whole genome sequencing-based surveillance and data sharing for control of antimicrobial resistance.

Analysis of sequencing data for 143 - and -positive isolates from 13 European national collections and the public domain resulted in the identification of 15 previously undetected multi-country transmission clusters. For 10 clusters, cases had prior travel/hospitalisation history in countries outside of the European Union including Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Russia, Serbia, Tunisia and Turkey. These findings highlight the benefit of European whole genome sequencing-based surveillance and data sharing for control of antimicrobial resistance.