Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Reform of the railway in Europe, which is based on a split between network and operating, is deeply linked with the improvements of the quality of service of the railway network. It is indeed clear that competition on the network will only work if network activities are reliable, fair und optimally priced. On this point rail operation in Europe remains connected through a fragmented network in which it was still difficult for the engines to cross national borders. Interoperability must be improved. Designed to strengthen the European integration, interoperability is the right concept for thinking open and competitive systems of transport. The European Commission (EC) decided to set up directly a single standard for a signalling system, the European Rail Traffic Management System. Thus, the EC was making the choice of a radical innovation for all Member States rather than promoting the extension of an existing national system.Why was such a direct action taken in the complex framework of rail signalling system? Will this action strengthen competition?

International audience ; Reform of the railway in Europe, which is based on a split between network and operating, is deeply linked with the improvements of the quality of service of the railway network. It is indeed clear that competition on the network will only work if network activities are reliable, fair und optimally priced. On this point rail operation in Europe remains connected through a fragmented network in which it was still difficult for the engines to cross national borders. Interoperability must be improved. Designed to strengthen the European integration, interoperability is the right concept for thinking open and competitive systems of transport. The European Commission (EC) decided to set up directly a single standard for a signalling system, the European Rail Traffic Management System. Thus, the EC was making the choice of a radical innovation for all Member States rather than promoting the extension of an existing national system.Why was such a direct action taken in the complex framework of rail signalling system? Will this action strengthen competition?

International audience ; Reform of the railway in Europe, which is based on a split between network and operating, is deeply linked with the improvements of the quality of service of the railway network. It is indeed clear that competition on the network will only work if network activities are reliable, fair und optimally priced. On this point rail operation in Europe remains connected through a fragmented network in which it was still difficult for the engines to cross national borders. Interoperability must be improved. Designed to strengthen the European integration, interoperability is the right concept for thinking open and competitive systems of transport. The European Commission (EC) decided to set up directly a single standard for a signalling system, the European Rail Traffic Management System. Thus, the EC was making the choice of a radical innovation for all Member States rather than promoting the extension of an existing national system.Why was such a direct action taken in the complex framework of rail signalling system? Will this action strengthen competition?

All along history, humans have always invented, created to improve their standard of liv-ing. Many machines have been built, sometimes simple and others very complex. In order to achieve the best results for customers, machines, industrial plants and humans are moved, displaced and replaced. It is the global humanity technical knowledge that dis-appears. Indeed, there is a lack in the actually conservation methods: sciences and technologies have to be considered and not only architecture. Our heritage research focuses on the mechanical and technical point of view. For instance, in a factory, there is the building but also actua-tors, motors and machines that produce product: taking into account the technical point of view can reach to a better understanding of the past. That's why preserving the national technical patrimony has now become the priority of governments and world organizations. Our approach proposes a new kind of finality: as saving and maintaining physical object cost a lot for museums, and sometimes dismantling is impossible as the machine falls in ruin, we propose to preserve it as a numerical object. The aim of this research is to define the global process and technologies used for imple-menting a numerical model of old machines. The final aim is to constitute a new reference for museologic actors, using actual techniques and methods for putting old machines and technical means in "virtual use", taking into account the working situation including human being at work. This process is illustrated by an example we performed: a steam engine.

All along history, humans have always invented, created to improve their standard of liv-ing. Many machines have been built, sometimes simple and others very complex. In order to achieve the best results for customers, machines, industrial plants and humans are moved, displaced and replaced. It is the global humanity technical knowledge that dis-appears. Indeed, there is a lack in the actually conservation methods: sciences and technologies have to be considered and not only architecture. Our heritage research focuses on the mechanical and technical point of view. For instance, in a factory, there is the building but also actua-tors, motors and machines that produce product: taking into account the technical point of view can reach to a better understanding of the past. That's why preserving the national technical patrimony has now become the priority of governments and world organizations. Our approach proposes a new kind of finality: as saving and maintaining physical object cost a lot for museums, and sometimes dismantling is impossible as the machine falls in ruin, we propose to preserve it as a numerical object. The aim of this research is to define the global process and technologies used for imple-menting a numerical model of old machines. The final aim is to constitute a new reference for museologic actors, using actual techniques and methods for putting old machines and technical means in "virtual use", taking into account the working situation including human being at work. This process is illustrated by an example we performed: a steam engine.

International audience ; All along history, humans have always invented, created to improve their standard of living. Many machines have been built, sometimes simple and others very complex. In order to achieve the best results for customers, machines, industrial plants and humans are moved, displaced and replaced. It is the global humanity technical knowledge that disappears. Indeed, there is a lack in the actually conservation methods: sciences and technologies have to be considered and not only architecture. Our heritage research focuses on the mechanical and technical point of view. For instance, in a factory, there is the building but also actuators, motors and machines that produce product: taking into account the technical point of view can reach to a better understanding of the past. That's why preserving the national technical patrimony has now become the priority of governments and world organizations. Our approach proposes a new kind of finality: as saving and maintaining physical object cost a lot for museums, and sometimes dismantling is impossible as the machine falls in ruin, we propose to preserve it as a numerical object. The aim of this research is to define the global process and technologies used for implementing a numerical model of old machines. All along the global numerical chain, we will present the different technologies used illustrating them by examples we performed; those examples were experiences realized in France with museums and students in order to sensitize them to a new approach for old technical objects and machines. The global aim is to constitute a new reference for museologic actors, using actual techniques and methods for putting old machines and technical means in "virtual use", taking into account the working situation including human being at work. From the digitalization of the physical object to its valorization with virtual reality technologies, we present a state of the art of the possibilities offered for creating digital products in a context of technical history ...

International audience ; All along history, humans have always invented, created to improve their standard of living. Many machines have been built, sometimes simple and others very complex. In order to achieve the best results for customers, machines, industrial plants and humans are moved, displaced and replaced. It is the global humanity technical knowledge that disappears. Indeed, there is a lack in the actually conservation methods: sciences and technologies have to be considered and not only architecture. Our heritage research focuses on the mechanical and technical point of view. For instance, in a factory, there is the building but also actuators, motors and machines that produce product: taking into account the technical point of view can reach to a better understanding of the past. That's why preserving the national technical patrimony has now become the priority of governments and world organizations. Our approach proposes a new kind of finality: as saving and maintaining physical object cost a lot for museums, and sometimes dismantling is impossible as the machine falls in ruin, we propose to preserve it as a numerical object. The aim of this research is to define the global process and technologies used for implementing a numerical model of old machines. All along the global numerical chain, we will present the different technologies used illustrating them by examples we performed; those examples were experiences realized in France with museums and students in order to sensitize them to a new approach for old technical objects and machines. The global aim is to constitute a new reference for museologic actors, using actual techniques and methods for putting old machines and technical means in "virtual use", taking into account the working situation including human being at work. From the digitalization of the physical object to its valorization with virtual reality technologies, we present a state of the art of the possibilities offered for creating digital products in a context of technical history ...

International audience ; 1 Contexte Si l'existence de statues de Voltaire ou Corneille aux coins de nos rues et de voies Victor Hugo dans presque toutes les communes apparaît aujourd'hui comme une évidence de nos paysages urbains, il n'en a pas toujours été ainsi : la représentation des grands hommes et en particulier des grands écrivains dans l'espace public est un phénomène pour sa plus grande part postrévolutionnaire. La présence des auteurs et autrices dans l'espace urbain s'est développée durant le XIXe siècle et s'est accrue de manière déterminante sous l'effet du projet politique et pédagogique de la IIIe République. Cependant, les choix faits à cette époque peuvent sur-prendre : les écrivaines et écrivains statufiés ou célébrés par un nom de lieu sont parfois tombés dans l'oubli et l'éternité promise par la pierre s'est finalement révélée illusoire. Se pose donc aujourd'hui la nécessité de redécouvrir le patrimoine littéraire défini par les monuments répu-blicains anciens et modernes et, avec lui, l'histoire des lieux qui le célèbrent. Par « monument littéraire », on entend ici un élément durable du paysage urbain qui établit un lien entre un lieu et un auteur ou une oeuvre. C'est la trace matérielle de la présence de la littérature dans une culture commune, qui se manifeste sous la forme des maisons d'écrivains, des divers monuments commémoratifs érigés en leur hommage et des lieux marqués de leurs noms, que ce soit par une plaque commémorative, un nom de rue ou toute autre variation to-ponymique. Ces monuments font pleinement partie de l'histoire de la littérature, au sens où ils ont été souhaités, commandés, inaugurés, commentés par des écrivains-celui qui y est représenté et ses défenseurs. De plus, c'est autour de cette matérialisation particulière que se discute l'étendue et les transformations de la culture en vigueur conforme au projet culturel et idéologique de tel ou tel conseil municipal ou de tel ou tel gouvernement. En ce sens, c'est la matérialisation d'un canon particulier, qui est à la ...