Suchergebnisse

Die vorliegende kommentierte Bibliographie will hauptsächlich Historikern eine Orientierungshilfe für die Literaturfülle zum Thema 'New Science' geben. Die knapp besprochenen Arbeiten sind nach folgenden Themenkomplexen gruppiert: Unentscheidbarkeit, Ungewißheit und Komplexität; Makrostrukturen: Systeme und die humane Dimension; Dynamische Systeme (Spieltheorie, Katastrophentheorie, Chaos, Fraktale Geometrie, Antizipatorische Systeme, Lebende Systeme); Computer (Informationstheorie, Kognitionswisssenschaft und Künstliche Intelligenz); Die Mikro- und die Makrodimensionen; Zeit; Kultur und Erkenntnistheorie. (pmb)

The Longue Durée and World-Systems Analysis -- The Longue Durée and World-Systems Analysis -- Contents -- Introduction: Fernand Braudel, the Longue Durée, and World-Systems Analysis -- The Order of Historical Time: The Longue Durée and Micro-History -- History and Geography: Braudel's "Extreme Longue Durée" as Generics? -- Dutch Capitalism and Europe's Great Frontier: The Baltic in the Ecological Revolution of the Long Seventeenth Century -- The Semiproletarian Household over the Longue Durée of the Modern World-System -- In the Short Run Are We All Dead? A Political Ecology of the Development Climate -- The Longue Durée and the Status of "Superstructures" -- Nomads and Kings: State Formation in Asia over the Longue Durée, 1250-1700 -- Long-Term Problems for the Longue Durée in the Social Sciences -- Journalism, History, and Eurocentrism: Longue Durée and the Immediate in Braudel and Wallerstein -- Appendix: History and the Social Sciences: The Longue Durée -- Index

"Economic changes and political changes which emerged with the modern capitalist world-economy were accompanied in the sociocultural domain by changes in the structures of knowledge. These included the hierarchical separation of the realm of facts from that of values, institutionalized as a division between the sciences and the humanities. The social sciences responded to contradictions inherent in this structure over the nineteenth century in producing knowledge on which policy decisions could be based. The problems of the contemporary period indicate we are in a long-term, structural crisis. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the theoretical frameworks and methodological approaches through which social analysts and observers alike seek to understand the world. Since the 1960s, developments in the field of knowledge, especially two movements complexity studies in the natural sciences and cultural studies in the humanities have contested the naturalized, essentialist boundaries separating the sciences, the social sciences and the humanities. The primary rationale for this work is to recognize the inseparable whole composed of the material structures of the world and the structures of knowledge that govern what actions may be deemed legitimate and effective. 'Knowledge Matters' discusses what actions will actually be undertaken by social agents, and what such an approach means for an analysis of the present situation in terms of imagining and evaluating possible futures."--Provided by publisher.

One of the most persistent debates in anthropology and related disciplines has been over the relative weight of aggression and competition versus nonaggression and cooperation as drivers of human behavioral evolution. The literature on hunting and gathering societies—past and present—has played a prominent role in these debates. This review compares recent literature from both sides of the argument and evaluates how accurately various authors use or misuse the ethnographic and archaeological research on hunters and gatherers. Whereas some theories provide a very poor fit with the hunter-gatherer evidence, others build their arguments around a much fuller range of the available data. The latter make a convincing case for models of human evolution that place at their center cooperative breeding and child-rearing, as well as management of conflict, flexible land tenure, and balanced gender relations.