Suchergebnisse

This article provides empirical evidence on the relation between institutional characteristics of labour markets that frame allocation processes, and optimal skill matching at the individual level. We investigate the extent to which skill-based job-worker matches are associated with employment protection legislation (EPL), unemployment benefits, and enforcing and enabling activating labour market policies. Drawing on data of the OECD's Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), and performing cross-country analyses of 28 industrial countries, we find that EPL can explain variance in the share of optimal skill matching across countries, displaying a positive relation. We also find a negative relation between strict enforcing activating labour market policies and optimal skill matching.

Although optimal labour market allocation of school leavers benefits individuals, employers and societies, a substantial part of European school leavers do not find a job that matches their field or level of education. This paper explores the extent to which horizontal and vertical education-to-job matches of European school leavers from secondary education is associated with the level of stratification, standardization, and the level of vocational orientation and institutional linkages of education systems. We combine notions of signalling theory, human capital theory and job matching theory to formulate hypotheses about how education systems affect horizontal and vertical education-to-job matches. We use micro-data on 30,805 school leavers in 20 European countries from the 2009 Ad Hoc Module of the European Labour Force Survey and data on system characteristics. Using multi-level logistic regression, we show that the level of stratification of secondary education is associated with better vertical job matches. We also find that the positive relation between being vocationally trained and education-to-job matches is stronger in systems with stronger institutional linkages. The positive relation between being vocationally trained and vertical job matches is less strong in more vocational oriented systems. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

During the economic crises in the years following 2008, policymakers of various governments regularly hit the alarm bells about the dire situation of marginalized youth in various European countries. Early-career inactivity turns Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEETs) into the most likely candidates for long-term socioeconomic marginalization, criminal careers, and grave mental and physical health problems. Japanese NEET who have completely retreated from society, are from different social backgrounds and face different circumstances from German immigrant children who have trouble finding a job, who in turn differ from Dutch low-ability adolescents who fail to graduate from vocational education. Since the 1990s, various alternative concepts emerged in labour market research as well as among policymakers.

This chapter discusses the types of policy initiatives which have been introduced to address concerns over the ongoing 'problem' of not in education, employment, or training (NEETs) young people. Early intervention policies have been introduced in many countries in an attempt to provide early identification of young people who may be at risk of becoming NEET or dropping out of education. Approaches for identifying those at risk of becoming NEET are therefore focused on whether young people will remain in education, employment, or training following the completion of compulsory education. Reintegration strategy at the level of the individual should involve having systems which identify young people who become NEET and support them to achieve positive outcomes in terms of re-engagement.

The education system is one of the crucial institutional arrangements that shape young people's school-to-work transition. This chapter explores to what extent different aspects of education systems across countries are associated with the likelihood to become long-term NEET. The way the vocational education and training is organised differs across countries. The way education systems are providing vocational education and training depends on the combination of school- and work-based education. The chapter suggests a significant interaction with gender; women living in countries with highly stratified education systems are more likely to become long-term NEET compared to males living in countries with highly stratified education systems.

This book studies young people who are Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET); a prime concern among policymakers. Moving past common interpretations of NEETs as a homogeneous group, it asks why some youth become NEET, whereas other do not. The authors analyse diverse school-to-work patterns of young NEETs in five typical countries and investigate the role of individual characteristics, countries' institutions and policies, and their complex interplay. Readers will come to understand youth marginalization as a process that may occur during the transition from school, vocational college, or university to work. By studying longitudinal analyses of processes and transitions, readers will gain the crucial insight that NEETs are not equally vulnerable, and that most NEETs will find their way back to the labour market. However, they will also see that in all countries, a group of long-term NEETs exists. These exceptionally vulnerable young people are sidelined from society and the labour market. The country cases and cross-national studies illustrate that policies intended to help long-term NEETs to find their way in society are very limited. The book provides useful theoretical and empirical insights for scholars interested in the school-to-work transition and marginalized youth. It also provides helpful insights in vulnerability to policymakers who aim to combat youth marginalization.

During the economic crises in the years following 2008, policymakers of various governments regularly hit the alarm bells about the dire situation of marginalized youth in various European countries. Early-career inactivity turns Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEETs) into the most likely candidates for long-term socioeconomic marginalization, criminal careers, and grave mental and physical health problems. Japanese NEET who have completely retreated from society, are from different social backgrounds and face different circumstances from German immigrant children who have trouble finding a job, who in turn differ from Dutch low-ability adolescents who fail to graduate from vocational education. Since the 1990s, various alternative concepts emerged in labour market research as well as among policymakers.

International audience ; During the economic crises in the years following 2008, policymakers of various governments regularly hit the alarm bells about the dire situation of marginalized youth in various European countries. Early-career inactivity turns Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEETs) into the most likely candidates for long-term socioeconomic marginalization, criminal careers, and grave mental and physical health problems. Japanese NEET who have completely retreated from society, are from different social backgrounds and face different circumstances from German immigrant children who have trouble finding a job, who in turn differ from Dutch low-ability adolescents who fail to graduate from vocational education. Since the 1990s, various alternative concepts emerged in labour market research as well as among policymakers.

International audience ; During the economic crises in the years following 2008, policymakers of various governments regularly hit the alarm bells about the dire situation of marginalized youth in various European countries. Early-career inactivity turns Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEETs) into the most likely candidates for long-term socioeconomic marginalization, criminal careers, and grave mental and physical health problems. Japanese NEET who have completely retreated from society, are from different social backgrounds and face different circumstances from German immigrant children who have trouble finding a job, who in turn differ from Dutch low-ability adolescents who fail to graduate from vocational education. Since the 1990s, various alternative concepts emerged in labour market research as well as among policymakers.

International audience ; During the economic crises in the years following 2008, policymakers of various governments regularly hit the alarm bells about the dire situation of marginalized youth in various European countries. Early-career inactivity turns Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEETs) into the most likely candidates for long-term socioeconomic marginalization, criminal careers, and grave mental and physical health problems. Japanese NEET who have completely retreated from society, are from different social backgrounds and face different circumstances from German immigrant children who have trouble finding a job, who in turn differ from Dutch low-ability adolescents who fail to graduate from vocational education. Since the 1990s, various alternative concepts emerged in labour market research as well as among policymakers.

Motherhood is often cited as one of the main reasons for young women to become NEET (not in employment, education, or training). Given the potential long-term negative implications of NEET status, it is important to understand which types of resources can help young mothers to avoid becoming NEET around childbirth. In this paper we investigate how the chances of young mothers to become and stay NEET around the time of first birth are related to the availability and characteristics of members of their social support network, especially partners and grandparents, to assist in childcare. In addition, we consider the local availability of formal childcare. We use population-wide register data from the Netherlands and estimate discrete-time eventhistory models. Our results show that young mothers who are cohabitating or married are less likely to become NEETs than single mothers. We also show that economic activity and relative wage of both young mothers and their partners decreases the likelihood to become NEET and to exit NEET. With respect to the grandparents, we find that having more grandparents live in the immediate vicinity is associated with a lower likelihood to become NEET and a higher likelihood to exit NEET. Furthermore, we find that young mothers with economically inactive parents are more likely to become and less likely to exit NEET. Lastly, we find evidence for crowding-out of informal and formal childcare. Formal and informal childcare sources interact in such a way that the role of either becomes less important as more of the other is available.

This chapter aims at assessing the Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET) youth in Germany, where one finds a strong institutionalized apprenticeship system, a relatively high stratification of the educational system and a gendered vocational education and training system. The dependent variable is the occupational status at the age of 30 measured by the International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status. The independent variables are the socio-economic background information and the NEET patterns or respectively the cumulative NEET length. Germany constitutes an interesting case when looking at the longitudinal patterns of youths who experience NEET periods, for several reasons. In international comparison, the connection between education system and the labour market in Germany is quite structured.