Suchergebnisse

This essay discusses the views of historian Gertrude Himmelfarb, who sets forth that democratic societies tend toward a determinist outlook; she fears that the weakened belief in free will and its heroes endangers a democratic society. She regards H. G. Wells as the founder in 1920 of the "new history," with its antiheroic bias. She welcomes therefore the television series The Civil War for having achieved "a history from above and history from below," with its heroes among common soldiers as well as the generals and statesmen. Himmelfarb criticizes the "debunking" historians who not only belittle the significance of heroes but find in "small causes" (e.g., the origins of Hitler's obsessive anti-Semitism) a basis for large-scale events (e.g., the Holocaust). Himmelfarb finds that H. G. Wells's Outline of History was intended not only to displace military conquerors as the heroes of history but to elevate the scientific elite in their place as history's truly constructive people. Americans, however, were, earlier, first introduced to another variety of "new history" by two Columbia University professors, Charles A. Beard and James Harvey Robinson, who wrote textbooks used by perhaps millions of high school students; Beard had derived the concept in 1906 when he read the Socialist History of France, much of it written by the French socialist, Jean Jaurès. The philosophy of history still remains in a position similar to that which has long prevailed in the philosophy of physics, where determinism and indeterminism have persisted irreconcilably.

Employer-provided group legal service plans are a low-cost employee benefit that provides a service that is highly visible to employees.

Student movements in the United States, since the year 1905, have shown roughly phases of activity for ten years alternating with phases of calmness. The decline in student activism has been marked by the tragic suicides of several of its leaders. These have reflected the alienation and bitter factionalism engendered among student activists within their movement itself. The last half of the sixties also saw the coalescence of student activism with the use of hal lucinogenic drugs; this has been the most distinctive charac teristic of the new revolutionary consciousness. By the seventies, however, the New Left activists began to lose their moral authority over students generally. Their insistence on generational rebellion as the primary aim, their emphasis on "barbarism" and violence, and their repudiation of honesty led students to reject their leadership. A legacy of regressive anti-intellectualism still persists in communes and campuses. The events of the last seven years have basically confirmed the predictions as to the development of student activism made in accordance with the theory of generational conflict.

Student movements in the US, since the yr 1905, have shown roughly phases of activity for 12 yrs alternating with phases of calmness. The decline in student activism has been marked by the tragic suicides of several of its leaders. These have reflected the alienation & bitter factionalism engendered among student activists within their movement itself. The last half of the 1960's also saw the coalescence of student activism with the use of hallucinogenic drugs; this has been the most distinctive characteristic of the new revolutionary consciousness. By the 1970's, however, the New Left activists began to lose their moral authority over students generally. Their insistence on generational rebellion as the primary aim, their emphasis on "barbarism" & violence, & their repudiation of honesty led students to reject their leadership. A legacy of regressive anti-intellectualism still persists in communes & campuses. The events of the last 7 yrs have basically confirmed the predictions as to the development of student activism made in accordance with the theory of generational conflict. Modified HA.