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AbstractFace-giving is an understudied notion among the studies of face and facework. This article aims to enhance the understanding of the concept by exploring how the first-order concept of mianzi giving is understood by native members. By examining native discourses in which mianzi giving is explicitly mentioned, we find that in addition to being based on the actor's intention or the recipient's feeling, the interpretation of mianzi giving can also be based on the interpersonal consequence of an act grounded in the understanding of the (meta)participant, who takes the footing of the author in the Goffmanian sense. In the (meta)participant's understanding, mianzi giving is understood as a marked and favorable alternative act with reference to the empirical or moral parameter evoked in the local interaction.

Leadership succession is critical to the performance of nonprofit organizations. Existing research has mostly treated leadership succession as an instantaneous event, and it has examined the independent effects of certain factors on organizational performance. However, little research has focused on the combinations of causally relevant factors. This article integrated organizational life cycle, resource dependence, and institutional theories, as well as the organizational fit literature, to explain how contextual and strategic factors combine to affect postsuccession performance. A fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to analyze 15 succession events in Chinese environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The study identified four pathways to good NGO performance after succession. It also highlighted that it is not succession per se but the succession context (i.e. founders' control, board governance, professionalization, and political environment) and the strategic orientations of the successor that affect postsuccession performance in nonprofit organizations.

Abstract
All regimes, both democratic and non-democratic, have a bias towards the type of 'good citizen' they require. Mainland China, as a typical authoritarian regime, actively proposes and defines its idea of a 'good citizen' and implements civic education to cultivate students into becoming the 'good citizen' it necessitates. This article is based on research employing qualitative methods to compare the 'good citizen' as defined by Chinese authorities with the perceptions of junior high-school students. The purpose of this article is to examine whether students feel they can fulfil the role of 'good citizen' as required by the Chinese authoritarian regime. It argues that the majority of students' perceptions of a 'good citizen' are consistent with what Chinese authorities desire. Furthermore, this article indicates that the state's strong capacity to support the authoritarian regime most likely accounts for the students' obedience in adopting the qualities of the regime's desired 'good citizen' in mainland China.

This study examines the use and spending effects of land-transfer revenues in Chinese local governments. It tests the effects of such revenues on local revenue and expenditure structures using city-level budgetary data, and also the effects on the performance of public spending on economic and social development to indirectly estimate the actual spending preferences of local governments in terms of their "total" (both on- and off-budget) spending. The author found that land finance is more of an eastern phenomenon; and most cities in China still rely on budgetary revenues and intergovernmental transfers. Land-transfer revenues tend to be used to support local economic development rather than social development. (China/GIGA)

Early childhood curriculum in the era of globalisation : an overview -- Early childhood curriculum reforms in Chinese societies -- Comparing early childhood curriculum policies in Chinese societies -- Localisation of overseas curricula in Chinese kindergartens -- School-based curriculum development in Chinese kindergartens -- Chinese approaches to implementing early childhood curriculum -- Understanding the sociocultural mechanism of early childhood curriculum in Chinese societies -- Revisiting early childhood curriculum in Chinese societies : lessons, challenges and trends -- Early childhood curriculum as a cultural practice : towards a new start.

Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1 Organization of the Book -- References -- 2 Correlation Between Genetic Structure and Linguistic Phylogeny in East Asia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Correlation Between Autosomal DNA and Linguistic Families -- 3 Mitochondrial DNA or Y Chromosomal DNA -- 4 Y Chromosomes Suggested an African Origin for East Asians -- 5 Northern Route or Southern Route -- 6 Earliest Settlement in East Asia -- 7 Genetic Legacy of the Paleolithic Period -- 8 Recent Immigrations of Uralic and Altaic Populations -- 9 Genetic Coherences for Linguistic Families -- 10 Conclusions and Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 3 Genetic Perspective on Language Replacement in Siberia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Criteria for Judging Language Replacement -- 3 Summary of Paternal Genetic Data -- 4 Possible Yeniseian Origin of Selkup -- 5 Khakassian and Shors -- 6 The Tuvans and Tofalars -- 7 Kyrgyz and Kazak -- 8 Yakuts -- 9 Mongolian, Kalmyk, Buryat and Khamnigan -- 10 Evenks and Evens -- 11 Koryak and Chukchi -- 12 Manchu and Other Tungusic-Speaking Populations -- 13 Discussion -- References -- 4 The Silk Road: Language and Population Admixture and Replacement -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Distribution of Languages and Y-Chromosomes in Northwest China -- 2.1 Language Situation at the Basic Word Level -- 2.2 Paternal Genetic Pattern in Northwest China -- 3 The Match and Mismatch of Two Datasets -- 3.1 Mongolic Languages and Paternal Genetic Correlations -- 3.2 Turkic Languages and Paternal Genetic Correlations -- 4 Two Models of Language Replacement on the Silk Road -- 4.1 Elite Dominance Model -- 4.2 Cultural Dominance Model -- 5 Discussion -- References -- 5 Relationship Between Altaic Speaking Populations and Their Languages Viewed from Y Chromosomes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Population Samples