Suchergebnisse

Researchers, planners, and decision makers admit the need to take into account the social conflicts inherent to invasive species management in order to minimize controversy. These conflicts are mainly based on differences in values systems, thus causing antithetical policies in environmental management. On the topic of Eucalyptus plantations, this paper studies two cases in Galicia, a region under an emerging social fight between advocates and opponents: firstly, we analyze a local community that is progressively eradicating Eucalyptus through the principles of ecological restoration; and secondly, a planning initiative led by a local government with a common goal. In order to set the spatial and social dimensions of the conflict, the methodological approach is based on the components of cognitive hierarchy theory and risk perception theory. The results are discussed with the purpose of examining to what extent the case studies imply a new model of rural governance, and in this respect, are transferrable to other situations. We conclude that institutional non-interference in Eucalyptus management facilitates the emergence of diverse new governance practices in the local scale but endures the conflict in its regional dimension ; This research is supported by the PhD scholarship "Programa de axudas á etapa predoutoral" provided by the Xunta de Galicia (Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria) to D.C. (grant number ED481A-2018/263) and the research grant "Consolidación e estruturación. 2016 GRC GI-1871 Análise territorial" provided by the Xunta de Galicia (Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenamento Universitario) to the ANTE Research Group, directed by R.-C.L.-G. (grant number ED431CR-2016/010). ; SI

The functional diversification of coastal fishing communities has been a central objective of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) since the early stages of its implementation. A large part of the initiatives financed throughout Europe have been linked to the creation of synergies between the fishing sector and tourism. This paper analyses the opportunities for the development of fishing tourism at the regional level, considering the investments of European and regional funds on the development of fishing tourism in Galicia. Special attention is given to the incorporation of the territorial perspective and Community-Led Local Development (CLLD) for the sustainable development of fishing areas. The results show limitations of this form of tourism in terms of employment and income, especially those developed by fishermen, despite the significant support of the regional government for this activity. This situation allows a critical reflection on the opportunity to convert fishermen into tourist guides, based on the need to diversify the economy and income of fishing communities ; SI

Las distintas relaciones políticas, sociales, institucionales y económicas que pueden establecerse entre dos ciudades fronterizas han suscitado un interesante debate teórico acerca de cómo denominar esta particular forma de cooperación. En este artículo, elaboramos una revisión de la literatura académica, para optar por un término que nos parece operativo para el análisis de casos concretos: ciudades que cruzan la frontera. Este concepto conecta con un marco teórico propuesto para el estudio de proyectos de cooperación en entornos urbanos fronterizos, asentado en cuatro elementos: territorio de acción común, marco institucional, actividades e iniciativas, simbología y comunicación. Teniendo en cuenta de manera preferente el contexto europeo, hemos optado por el estudio de caso de la denominada Eurocidade Chaves-Verín, pionera en el marco peninsular. El análisis se estructura en torno a los factores identificados en el marco teórico, empleando una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa (consulta de información oficial, trabajo de campo y entrevistas semi-estructuradas). El resultado final de la investigación invita a afirmar que estamos ante un caso de ciudades que cruzan la frontera, si bien aún quedan retos para mejorar la cooperación transfronteriza. ; The different political, social, institutional and economic relations that may be established between two border cities have raised an interesting theoretical debate on how to name this particular cooperation. In this contribution we will elaborate a literature review on the subject, and choose one specific concept we believe is useful for the analysis of specific cases: border-crossing cities. This concept is linked to a theoretical model proposed to study cooperation projects in border urban areas, based on four elements: common territory, institutional framework, activities, symbols and communication. Looking specifically to the European context, we have chosen the so-called Eurocidade Chaves-Verín, one of the first experiences in the Iberian Peninsula. The ...

El Noroeste de la Península Ibérica es un espacio geográfico complejo. A lo largo de los siglos, la rígida frontera entre España y Portugal fragmentó el espacio y frenó los intercambios de todo tipo (económicos, sociales, culturales). Sin embargo, el ingreso de los dos países ibéricos en la Unión Europea definió un nuevo escenario, en el que Galicia, Castilla y León y el Norte de Portugal interactúan entre sí, si bien lo hacen de manera desigual. En este trabajo se analizan las dinámicas territoriales que se establacen entre la Eurorregión Galicia-Nortede Portugal y Castilla y León, en un espacio geográfico caracterizado por su diversidad y su falta de homogeneidad.The Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula is a complex geographic space. Throughout the centuries, the rigid border between Spain and Portugal fragmented the space and stopped the trading of all kinds (economic, social, cultural). However, the entrance of the two Iberian countries in the European Union set a new scenario, in which Galicia, Castile and Leon and the north of Portugal interact with each other, although they do so unevenly. In this paper we analyze the territorial dynamics between Galicia-North Portugal and Castile and Leon, in a geographical area characterized by its diversity and lack of homogeneity.

Since 1950, the countryside of Western Europe has been affected by profound socio-spatial changes. Due to net migration and the nuclearisation of families, the urbanisation process has led to demographic growth in rural areas relatively close to big cities. This has led to an increase in mobility and the development of a lifestyle that centres around the suburban model, which has contributed to the depreciation of older buildings. After three decades of policies to aid the construction of new buildings, numerous vacant older houses can be found in Western Europe. At a time when the suburban model is being called into question by politicians, vacant housing is at the heart of the demographic, economic and political issues of rural areas. Housing is said to be vacant when it is not being used for all or part of the year, neither as a primary residence nor as a secondary residence or for short stays. The Spanish countryside, especially Galicia, has numerous vacant houses. In the small towns of Galicia, the area studied, vacancy is generally over 20%, broadly higher than the "normal" rate (for property speculation) of between 6% and 8%. This vacancy rate includes both older, abandoned housing and new construction. Subsequently, the increase in empty homes in Galicia is the result of two processes. First of all, the abandonment of rural space and the disappearance of its family units. Secondly, the overvaluation of new constructions and urban spaces, which accentuate the depopulation of many traditional nuclei. ; Desde 1950, o espaço rural da Europa Ocidental tem sido afetado por profundas alterações socio-espaciais. Devido à migração líquida e à nuclearização das famílias, o processo de urbanização levou ao crescimento demográfico nas áreas rurais relativamente próximas às grandes cidades. Isto provocou um aumento da mobilidade e do desenvolvimento de um estilo de vida baseado no modelo suburbano, que contribuiu para que os edifícios mais antigos fossem menosprezados. Após três décadas de políticas de apoio à ...

It is evident that, despite the existing diversity in European rural areas, there has been significant changes seen in them over the last two decades, both from a social and economic point of view. Although scientific literature still holds views generalising the most common problems affecting the rural areas, today it certainly must no longer be considered as a simple production surface. Rural areas are pluri-active and multifunctional spaces that provide values of high interest to society. Information and Communication Technologies contribute to the installation of new economic activities in these spaces, albeit both human capital and political initiatives are required to spread this reality throughout the European countryside, especially when it comes to the more peripheral areas at risk of abandonment. ; Pese a la diversidad que existe en las áreas rurales europeas, es evidente que, en las dos últimas décadas, han tenido lugar cambios significativos en las mismas tanto desde el punto de vista social como económico. Aunque aún hay posturas en la literatura científica sobre la generalización de los problemas más comunes que afectan al medio rural, hoy día debe tenerse muy en cuenta que este ya no es visto como una simple superficie de producción. Las áreas rurales son espacios pluriactivos y multifuncionales que aportan valores de un elevado interés para la sociedad. Las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación contribuyen a la instalación de nuevas actividades económicas en estos espacios, si bien se necesita tanto capital humano como iniciativas políticas para que esta realidad se propague a todo el medio rural europeo, especialmente a las áreas más periféricas en riesgo de abandono. ; Malgré la diversité qu'existe dans les zones rurales européennes, il est évidente que, dans les deux derniers décennies, ils ont eu lieu changements significatifs tant du point de vue social comme économique. Bien qu'il existe encore des positions dans la littérature scientifique sur la généralisation des problèmes les plus courants qui affectent au milieu rural, aujourd'hui il convient de tenir compte qu'il n'est pas plus vu comme une simple surface de production. Les zones rurales sont des espaces pluriactifs et multifonctionnels qu'apportent des valeurs d'un élevé intérêt pour la société. Les technologies de l'information et de la communication contribuent à l'installation de nouvelles activités économiques dans ces espaces, si bien se précise autant capital humain comme des initiatives politiques pour que cette réalité se propage à tout le moyen rural européen, spécialement aux zones les plus périphériques en risque d'abandon.

Pese a la diversidad que existe en las áreas rurales europeas, es evidente que, en las dos últimas décadas, han tenido lugar cambios significativos en las mismas tanto desde el punto de vista social como económico. Aunque aún hay posturas en la literatura científica sobre la generalización de los problemas más comunes que afectan al medio rural, hoy día debe tenerse muy en cuenta que este ya no es visto como una simple superficie de producción. Las áreas rurales son espacios pluriactivos y multifuncionales que aportan valores de un elevado interés para la sociedad. Las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación contribuyen a la instalación de nuevas actividades económicas en estos espacios, si bien se necesita tanto capital humano como iniciativas políticas para que esta realidad se propague a todo el medio rural europeo, especialmente a las áreas más periféricas en riesgo de abandono ; It is evident that, despite the existing diversity in European rural areas, there has been significant changes seen in them over the last two decades, both from a social and economic point of view. Although scientific literature still holds views generalising the most common problems affecting the rural areas, today it certainly must no longer be considered as a simple production surface. Rural areas are pluri-active and multifunctional spaces that provide values of high interest to society. Information and Communication Technologies contribute to the installation of new economic activities in these spaces, albeit both human capital and political initiatives are required to spread this reality throughout the European countryside, especially when it comes to the more peripheral areas at risk of abandonment ; SI

This article provides the results of classroom research involving university students training to be secondary school teachers of geography and history. The research is based on the analysis of a word association test on Europe and the European Union. The results constitute an approach to the geographical and historical representations these students have of their own European continent. This is a fundamental question considering that this collective group is training to teach the contents and values of European geography in secondary school education. From here on, our intention is no other than to carry out an exercise of synthesis and overall reflection on the test results and introduce issues which could generate some debate in the educational community.

This article provides the results of classroom research involving university students training to be secondary school teachers of geography and history. The research is based on the analysis of a word association test on Europe and the European Union. The results constitute an approach to the geographical and historical representations these students have of their own European continent. This is a fundamental question considering that this collective group is training to teach the contents and values of European geography in secondary school education. From here on, our intention is no other than to carry out an exercise of synthesis and overall reflection on the test results and introduce issues which could generate some debate in the educational community.

This article provides the results of classroom research involving university students training to be secondary school teachers of geography and history. The research is based on the analysis of a word association test on Europe and the European Union. The results constitute an approach to the geographical and historical representations these students have of their own European continent. This is a fundamental question considering that this collective group is training to teach the contents and values of European geography in secondary school education. From here on, our intention is no other than to carry out an exercise of synthesis and overall reflection on the test results and introduce issues which could generate some debate in the educational community. ; This publication was prepared under the framework of a project called Social skills for a democratic citizenship: analysis, development and assessment [EDU2015-65621-C3-1-R], funded by the State Programme for Research, Development and Innovation Focusing on Challenges in Society for the Government of Spain [R+D+I, call 2015], the network of excellence - Red14 (State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2013-2016, EDU2014-51720-REDT) and NEDAT (Programme for the Consolidation and Structuring of Competitive Research in the Galician University System, Network mode, R2014/018) ; SI

In 2018, UNHCR numbered 40 million internally displaced persons, 25.4 million refugees and 3.1 million international asylum seekers (UNHCR-Spain, 2018), effectively equating to the largest refugee crisis since World War II. The flow of displaced individuals, mainly from south to north and from east to west, and across international borders, has increased in the past two decades whilst legislation changes occur in the receiving states as a response to limit the right of asylum and refugee reception, as is the case in EU member states. Restrictions, factors and multiple causes (war, discrimination, population persecution, etc.), not only has generated the displacement of applicants from their countries of origin, but has also modified the nature of concession of international protection. In Spain, it is possible to analyze, through official sources (i.e. Ministry of the Interior), the trend in evolution of the countries of origin as stated in asylum applications and international protection concessions filed during the period 2008-2018, thus facilitating the formulation of correlations between causes and internal and external factors. As a whole, changes of the country of origin of applicants are evidenced as a consequence of the expansion of armed conflicts (Syria, Iraq), institutional crises (Venezuela), restrictions imposed by traditional asylum countries (El Salvador, Honduras), and also the shift in reception preferences emerging in Spain as receiving state. ; En 2018 ACNUR cifró en 40 millones los desplazados internos, 25,4 millones los refugiados y 3,1 millones los solicitantes de asilo internacional (ACNUR-España, 2018), suponiendo la mayor crisis de refugiados desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Los flujos de desplazados, fundamentalmente de sur a norte y de este a oeste y en frontera, han aumentado en las dos últimas décadas, al tiempo que se han producido cambios en la legislación de los Estados receptores para limitar el derecho de asilo y la acogida de refugiados, como es el caso de los miembros de la UE. Las restricciones, factores y causas en origen (guerra, discriminación, persecución de parte de la población, etc.), han generado mudanzas en la procedencia de los solicitantes, pero también de las concesiones de figuras de protección internacional. En España es posible analizar a través de fuentes oficiales (Ministerio del Interior) los cambios habidos en la procedencia de las solicitudes de asilo y en las concesiones de protección internacional en el período 2008-2018, lo que permite establecer correlaciones entre causas y factores internos y externos. En su conjunto, se observan cambios en el origen de los solicitantes debido a la extensión de los conflictos armados (Siria, Irak), la crisis institucional (Venezuela) o las restricciones en países tradicionales de asilo (El Salvador, Honduras), y cómo están cambiando las preferencias de acogida en España como Estado receptor.

El desempleo es un grave problema que afecta a todos los Estados miembros de la UE, entre los que destaca España. Para darle respuesta, desde mediados de la década de 1990 se han implementado una serie de iniciativas destinadas a mejorar y aumentar el volumen de puestos de trabajo. Entre las mismas se encuentran los Pactos Territoriales por el Empleo. Como comprobaremos, se trata de una política de cooperación territorial en la que participan las administraciones públicas (desde la escala europea a la municipal), entidades privadas y agentes locales. La pretensión de este artículo es dar a conocer el origen, los criterios y las características de estos Pactos Territoriales a favor del Empleo desarrollados en España. ; The rate of unemployment is a serious problem that affects all the members of the EU, between whom Spain stands out. By what from middle of the decade of 1990 a series of initiatives were created to improve and to increase the volume of employment: The Territorial Agreements for in Employment. Since we will verify it is a question of a politics of territorial cooperation in that there take part the public administrations (from the European scale to place), private administrations and local agents. The pretension of this article is to know the origin, criteria and characteristics of these Territorial Agreements in favour of the Employment developed in Spain. ; Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigación «Estrategias de Cooperación y Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible en Galicia», del Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica 2000-2003, Programa Nacional de Promoción General del Conocimiento, del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, y cofinanciado por el FEDER. Referencia BSO2002-04233-C10-03 ; SI