Suchergebnisse

Prestudy Planning -- The Evolution of Protections for Research Participants -- Governing Principles -- Clinical Trials -- Recruitment -- Issues Arising during the Study -- Confidentiality -- Potential Conflicts -- Scientific Misconduct -- Following the Study -- Participants and Records -- Publication and Dissemination of Research Results -- New Roles for the HIV Researcher -- An Overview of the Legal System -- The HIV Researcher as an Expert Witness -- The HIV Researcher and Legislative Advocacy -- The HIV Researcher in the Regulatory Arena Conclusion.

Case Western Reserve University's (CWRU) Training Program in International Research Ethics, funded by the Fogarty International Center, has been ongoing in Romania since 2000. The program consists of multiple components: a U.S.-based MA degree program for long-term trainees, Romania-based short courses, a U.S.-based opportunity for mid-and senior-level personnel to develop collaborative writing or research projects and present lectures, and a newsletter and various Internet-based activities. We evaluated the impact of the training program on bioethics in Romania through a survey of the training program's long-term trainees, a literature search for trainee publications, interviews with key informants, and identification of key events during the course of the program. Findings indicate that the program has had a considerable impact in the field of bioethics through trainee authorship of peer-reviewed publications, books, and chapters; trainee career trajectories that encompass activities related to research ethics; and the development of a Romania-based master's degree program in bioethics and a Center of Bioethics and Health Policy. We attribute these achievements to the establishment of strong relationships between CWRU in Cleveland and the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr. T. Popa in Iasi, Romania, prior to the initiation of the training program; collaboration with key Romania-based institutional partners that are equally invested in the program's success; reliance of the program on a solid theoretical framework; ongoing program responsiveness to trainee and country needs; and a sustained commitment of time, expertise, and funding by the funders, sponsors, and in-country collaborators.

About 5% of the nation's elderly reside in nursing homes; many of these individuals experience varying levels of cognitive impairment. Although physical and nonphysical intimacy are important to their well-being, numerous structural and nonstructural barriers exist to their enjoyment of intimate relationships. Additionally, significant legal and ethical issues must be considered in the formulation of institutional policy and procedures to address the intimacy needs of cognitively impaired elderly residents. This article explores the barriers that exist and the models that have been suggested to guide institutional administrators and staff in evaluating residents' needs, and concludes with recommendations.

It is critical that research findings be translated into policy if the research is to be beneficial. Researchers can play a role in bridging the research-policy gap by participating in the drafting of legislation and regulations, by testifying before lawmakers, and by building collaborations with key entities, including non-profit and governmental bodies outside of the health arena. Advocacy is inherent in the responsibilities of a researcher. A distinction must be made between researchers who serve as educators and advocates of change based on our current state of knowledge, and "scientific advocates" who rely on science only when it supports their political position. It is critical that researchers identify appropriate collaborators to bridge the research-policy gap and that the communities be involved in this process.

It is critical that cognitively impaired adults be permitted to participate in research in order to develop a greater understanding of the underlying causes of the impairments and strategies to prevent or ameliorate their impact. Significant ethical and legal issues may arise in the recruitment and enrollment of these persons as study participants, due to difficulties in understanding information, uncertainty regarding the existence of sufficient mental capacity to provide informed consent to participate, and the potential for coercion to participate as a function of limited capacity and dependence on others for care. This article explores these issues and suggests mechanisms to maximize the understanding of information and facilitate the cognitively impaired elders' expression of choice during incapacity.

Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Part I: Foundations of Veterinary Social Work -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Veterinary Social Work -- Introduction -- Veterinary Social Work as a Profession -- What Veterinary Social Workers Do -- Standards of the Profession -- Veterinary Social Worker Training -- Competency 1. Demonstrate Ethical and Professional Behavior -- Competency 2. Engage Diversity and Difference in Practice -- Competency 3. Advance Human Rights and Social, Economic, and Environmental Justice -- Competency 4. Engage in Practice-Informed Research and Research-Informed Practice -- Competency 5. Engage in Policy Practice -- Competency 6. Engage with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities -- Competency 7. Assess Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities -- Competency 8. Intervene with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities -- Competency 9. Evaluate Practice with Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities -- Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 2: History of Veterinary Social Work -- The Development of the University of Tennessee Veterinary Social Work Program -- Naming Veterinary Social Work -- Practice -- Core Values -- Contention Around the Term "Veterinary Social Work" -- The Four Areas of Veterinary Social Work Practice -- Early Days at the UTCVM -- The Impact of Students -- Expanding Veterinary Social Work's Reach -- Pioneers in the Field -- Veterinary Social Work Today -- Veterinary Social Work Education -- International Association of Veterinary Social Work -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: The Practice of Veterinary Social Work -- Chapter 3: Compassion Fatigue in the Animal Care Community -- Introduction -- Conceptualizing Compassion Fatigue -- Compassion Fatigue as Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout.