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The primary question at issue in this paper is the following: given the similarities between the two countries with regard to welfare state institutions, why have the United States and the United Kingdom diverged on the issue of health care? Drawing on sociological institutionalism, a branch of the new institutionalist paradigm, this paper provides an answer to this question: during the formative years of the health care stories in the two countries, variations in institutional and cultural conditions produced contrasting policy outcomes. More specifically, this paper discusses how the combination of institutions (political, labor, and medical) and culture led to private insurance in the United States and public insurance in the United Kingdom. Of course, this paper has implications for several areas of scholarship, as well as for current policy debates on a wide range of issues.

Historically technology has been connected with the power and has been kept as a State secret. Until now the biggest technological developments come from the army research laboratories, invisible to the eyes of common people. To control the technology is to control the whole civilian population.In the 70´s Buckminster Fuller, an American architect, made a turning point. His main gift to society was the concept of «do it by yourself» (DIY). He opened up technology to the common people. His work was a revolution with the beginning of the «catalogue».From this idea comes the concept of «open technology» developed by Osamu Ishiyama at Waseda University, Tokyo. This idea is a continuation of the philosophy of Fuller and the main target is to democratise technology and make it accessible to the people of the xxi century. ; Históricamente la tecnología ha estado asociada a las estructuras de poder y mantenida como secreto de Estado. Hasta hoy los mayores desarrollos tecnológicos se producen a nivel militar y bajo estrictos programas reservados. El control de la tecnología asegura la dependencia de las masas a los exclusivos grupos industrializados.En la década de los '70 Buckminster Fuller un arquitecto norteamericano generaría un punto de inflexión. Su principal aporte a la sociedad contemporánea fue el concepto de «hágalo usted mismo» una estrategia que hizo posible la apertura de la información sobre tecnología a las masas, y marcaría el nacimiento de una nueva era con la aparición del «catálogo».A partir de esta idea surge el concepto de «Open technology» desarrollado por Osamu Ishiyama, en la Universidad de Waseda, Tokio. Esta idea es una continuación de la filosofía de Fuller y su principal objetivo es democratizar la tecnología y la industria disponible y hacerla accesible al individuo del siglo xxi.