Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: The Evolution of Sustainable Tourism in Asia -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Sustainable Development -- 1.3 Sustainable Tourism -- 1.3.1 Historic Steps of Sustainable Tourism -- 1.3.2 Principles and Aims of Sustainable Tourism -- 1.4 Asian Sustainable Tourism -- 1.4.1 Tourism Landscape in Asia -- 1.4.2 Research into Asian Sustainable Tourism -- 1.5 Contributions of Chapters in the Book -- 1.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part I: Stakeholders Perspectives and Sustainability -- Chapter 2: Partnerships Towards Sustainability: The Revival of Boracay's Wetlands -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Corporate Social Responsibility in Tourism -- 2.3 Methodology -- 2.4 Findings -- 2.4.1 CSR and Social Learning in Wetland 2 -- 2.5 Discussion -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Local Community Participation Towards Malaysian Homestay Sustainability -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Literature Review -- 3.2.1 Sustainable Tourism -- 3.2.2 Community-Based Tourism (CBT) -- 3.3 Malaysian Community Based Tourism Efforts: Malaysian Homestay -- 3.3.1 Successful Homestay - Miso Walai Village Homestay -- 3.3.1.1 Homestay Community Locations -- 3.3.1.2 Awareness, Knowledge and Skill of Local Community -- 3.3.1.3 Management Structure -- 3.3.1.4 Central Leadership -- 3.3.1.5 Local Commitment and Vision -- 3.3.1.6 Homestay Sustainability Conceptual Framework -- Economic Dimension -- Destination Competitiveness -- Employment -- Multiplier Effect -- Institutional Dimension -- Flexibility -- Self-Organization -- Power Sharing -- Environmental Dimension -- Socio-Cultural Dimension -- Youth in Tourism -- Promotion of Socio-Cultural Understanding -- Level of Safety and Security -- 3.4 Methodology -- 3.5 Findings and Discussion -- 3.5.1 Economic Dimension -- 3.5.2 Institutional Dimension.

In this paper we develop a model for local authority size that is based on the approach towards local government reform that was used by the UK governments in the 1970s and the 1990s. To do so, we examine the different aspects of costs for local services, the minimum cost size facility used to provide local services, and the minimum efficient size for a local authority. We then argue that, for a given level of service, the belief that a tendency for local authorities to become enablers rather than producers would reduce the minimum efficient size of authority may not be correct. Finally, the model is developed to determine simultaneously the optimum quantity of local services and the minimum efficient size. It shows that the solution depends on how preferences vary among different citizens, and argues that governments paid too little heed to these variations. Thus we conclude that it is very doubtful whether either the 1970s or the 1990s reforms produced the structure of local government that would have emerged if the approach adopted by the governments concerned had been used with more care.

The main purpose of this paper is to distinguish clearly between local authorities and clubs and to consider the circumstances in which individual consumers would prefer to have services provided by one or the other. We also consider the circumstances in which consumers would prefer individual or central government provision. There are also some hybrid positions between different types of provision. We end with some examples of cases where the mode of delivery in Great Britain has changed, or is changing, from traditional local government provision to other forms. Our model suggests a rationale for these changes.