Suchergebnisse

"Der Arbeitsmarkt für Profi-Sportler ist wegen der Knappheit sportlichen Talents durch eine starke Nachfragekonkurrenz gekennzeichnet. Diese Besonderheit ist ursächlich für den Aufstieg der amerikanischen Spielergewerkschaften. In einem jüngeren Beitrag hat der Berater der internationalen Spielergewerkschaft, Braham Dabscheck, prognostiziert, dass sich auch die Arbeitsbeziehungen im europäischen Profifußball nach der Liberalisierung des Spielermarktes in Richtung auf das amerikanische Modell umfassender Kollektivvereinbarungen zwischen Profiligen und Spielergewerkschaften bewegen werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beurteilt die Aussichten für einen solchen sozialen Dialog auf europäischer Ebene jedoch skeptischer. Die starke Involvierung politischer Anspruchsgruppen hat die potenziellen Sozialpartner von der Entwicklung der notwendigen institutionellen Kapazitäten abgehalten. Gleichzeitig hat der intergovernemental legitimierte Transferkompromiss den Spielraum für Kollektivverhandlungen reduziert." (Autorenreferat)

Current regulatory initiatives in the European Commission take a highly critical stance towards public service broadcasting. In the context of this development, the debate about the performance of the German PSBs in a competitive market environment is of some interest. The programmes broadcast by the German PSBs show a remarkable distinctiveness that runs contrary to the predictions of economic theory on programme choices which would rather expect a state of excessive similarity. Drawing on an in-depth case study of one of the major German public broadcasting corporations, it is argued that the distinctiveness of the public broadcasting programmes is the result of an interplay between institutional and organizational factors as well as of economic forces. These findings could have implications for regulatory debate about `dual' television markets.

Die aktuellen Regulierungsinitiativen der Europäischen Kommission zeugen von einer sehr kritischen Distanz gegenüber dem öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunk. Im Kontext dieser Entwicklung ist die Diskussion über die Performance der deutschen öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten in einem wettbewerbsorientierten Markt von einigem Interesse. Die Programme, die von den deutschen öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten ausgestrahlt werden, zeichnen sich durch eine charakteristische Einzigartigkeit aus; dies steht in Widerspruch zu den Annahmen, die auf der Basis einer ökonomischen Theorie der Programmauswahl vom Zustand einer extremen Gleichmacherei ausgingen. Eine breit angelegte Fallstudie zu einer der größten deutschen öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten (ZDF) kommt zu dem Schluss, dass die Einzigartigkeit öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunk- und Fernsehprogramme das Resultat eines Zusammenspiels institutioneller und organisatorischer Faktoren und ökonomischer Kräfte ist. Diese Ergebnisse könnten die Regulierungsdebatte über den "dualen" Fernsehmarkt beeinflussen. (UNübers.)

AbstractThe effectiveness of the European Union (EU) as global regulator is controversial. Some scholars characterize the EU as one of the most important shapers of global regulations; others argue that the EU's effectiveness critically depends on its regulatory cohesion, the political opportunity structure and regulatory capacity of its interlocutors. Since global sport represents a regionally segmented industry and is governed by private actors of diverse regulatory capacity, global sport regulation represents an excellent domain to study these propositions systematically. Comparative case studies on global sport regulation support the idea that the EU can impose its regulatory ambitions on sport governing due to market size and regulatory capacity. However, the broader political opportunity structure is found to be relevant and the EU does not appear as a strong regulator of global sports.

This study examines to what extent the public attention directed at individual male and female players of various national soccer teams is influenced by (a) their athletic performance and (b) their physical attractiveness. The results prove that public interest in athletes depends significantly on performance and attractiveness. However, those athletes who both perform strongly and are attractive by far draw the greatest public attention. Against expectations, gender differences do not figure in this: the attractiveness of male soccer players is equally as important for popularity as it is of female soccer players.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: GARCIA, B. and MEIER, H.-E., 2016. Global sport power Europe? The efficacy of the European Union in global sport regulation. Journal of Common Market Studies, 55 (4), pp. 850–870, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12512. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. ; The effectiveness of the European Union (EU) as global regulator is controversial. Some scholars characterize the EU as one of the most important shapers of global regulations; others argue that the EU's effectiveness critically depends on its regulatory cohesion, the political opportunity structure and regulatory capacity of its interlocutors. Since global sport represents a regionally segmented industry and is governed by private actors of diverse regulatory capacity, global sport regulation represents an excellent domain to study these propositions systematically. Comparative case studies on global sport regulation support the idea that the EU can impose its regulatory ambitions on sport governing due to market size and regulatory capacity. However, the broader political opportunity structure is found to be relevant and the EU does not appear as a strong regulator of global sports.

It is commonly assumed that international sport reinforces feelings of national pride and national identity. Using large-scale survey data from Germany, covering the period between 1992 and 2008, some unresolved key questions surrounding sportive nationalism are addressed. We examine the relative importance of sport as a source of national pride, analyze the sociodemographics of sportive nationalism, and describe its long-term development in East and West Germany after reunification. Results reveal that sport is an increasingly important source of pride in Germany. Sportive nationalism is more common among younger generations, males, and individuals with lower socioeconomic status. Prevailing differences between East and West Germany document persistent socialization effects of former sport-centered identity politics. Among East Germans, sport is more important for general national pride, and sportive nationalism is much more equally distributed between various social groups (with regard to age, gender, education). From 1992 to 2008, however, a trend toward convergence between East and West Germans is also demonstrated.

It is commonly assumed that international sport reinforces feelings of national pride and national identity. Using large-scale survey data from Germany, covering the period between 1992 and 2008, some unresolved key questions surrounding sportive nationalism are addressed. We examine the relative importance of sport as a source of national pride, analyze the sociodemographics of sportive nationalism, and describe its long-term development in East and West Germany after reunification. Results reveal that sport is an increasingly important source of pride in Germany. Sportive nationalism is more common among younger generations, males, and individuals with lower socioeconomic status. Prevailing differences between East and West Germany document persistent socialization effects of former sport-centered identity politics. Among East Germans, sport is more important for general national pride, and sportive nationalism is much more equally distributed between various social groups (with regard to age, gender, education). From 1992 to 2008, however, a trend toward convergence between East and West Germans is also demonstrated.

Scholars have engaged in discussions over whether the rise of transnational private authority is beneficial or undermines public legitimate authority. While the recent focus on civil regulation has emphasized the key role of public authorities and civil societies in such arrangements, the case of the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) provides strong evidence that global policies can be formulated and administered by completely private institutions relying on strong enforcement mechanisms and able to confront public authorities.FIFA's power results from its control of market access to global football, which represents a vital 'club good' for national football industries. Therefore,FIFAis able to force European Union member states to deviate from national paths of sport regulation. Without orchestrating their efforts, public authorities are unlikely to succeed in challengingFIFA's power. Although the recent corruption scandals might forceFIFAto implement some reforms,FIFAhas a vital interest in protecting its regulatory powers.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: GARCIA GARCIA, B. and MEIER H-E., 2015. Protecting private transnational authority against public intervention: FIFA's power over national governments. Public Administration, 9(4), pp.890-906, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/padm.12208. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. ; Scholars have controversially discussed whether the rise of transnational private authority is beneficial or undermines public legitimate authority. While the recent focus on civil regulation has emphasized the key role of public authorities and civil societies in such arrangements, the case of the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) provides strong evidence that global policies can be formulated and administered by completely private institutions relying on strong enforcement mechanisms and able to confront public authorities. FIFA's power results from its control of market access to global football, which represents a vital club good for national football industries. Therefore, FIFA is able to force European Union member states to deviate from national paths of sport regulation. Without orchestrating their efforts, public authorities are unlikely to succeed in challenging FIFA's power. Although the recent corruption scandals might force FIFA to implement some reforms, FIFA has a vital interest in protecting its regulatory powers.

This is a conference paper. ; The role of economic actors and transnational corporations in transforming the world's political and economic order has received increased attention. However, it is still controversial to what extent private governance regimes operate in an effective 'shadow of hierarchy'. In other words, it is debated the extent to which governments and international organizations are able to regulate and exert their powers over transnational social and economic actors. This paper uses the case of world football's governing body, FIFA, to investigate the extent to which sport international actors may condition the decisions of democratically elected national governments. The paper provides comparative case study evidence that FIFA as football's global regulator has been able to force national governments to abandon legislation and interference in football's matters even in case of blatant failures of football's governance. Research supports the claim that private regimes providing unique governance contributions represent an institutional equilibrium able to resist challenges. FIFA's 'victories' over national governments demonstrate the political leverage of football and its governing body, but they are highly problematic since they discourage national governments to fight misconduct in sport, while it can be doubted that sport organizations alone can deal with the regulatory problems at stake.