Suchergebnisse

The economic integration sought by Arab countries has been a merely aspirational one. Arab countries have not risen to the challenges posed to it by their unique circumstances. Instead, Arab countries have failed to develop the strength that would be conferred by economic integration.
My inquiry will assess why, many decades after first attempts of economic integration, Arab countries have not been more successful in emulating the success of the European Union, a paradigm of successful economic integration. Specifically, I will explore obstacles to Arab economic integration and address the political and economic factors that play a role to achieve this goal. The central hypothesis of this paper is that there must be fundamental structural changes in Arab economic integration agreements. Effective dispute resolution mechanism and few opt-out provisions speak to a greater will to commit to integration. Arab countries must confront internal dissension and lack of implementation.

E-commerce offers economy-wide benefits. World Trade Organization (WTO) members recognized the benefits e-commerce offers and have developed a work program to facilitate the development of e-commerce. However, WTO efforts to facilitate e-commerce have stalled, leading to a slower than anticipated progress. As fundamental differences continue to
stall progress in the WTO's program on e-commerce, the United States concluded a free trade agreement with Jordan. This agreement was the first ever to incorporate explicit provisions on e-commerce. This article analyzes how existing trade agreements have dealt with e-commerce. The article gives an overview of the situation in WTO. The article then examines
the e-commerce provisions in the United States-Jordan Free Trade Agreement (US-JO FTA) and how the parties have tackled the obstacles that stalled the WTO work on e-commerce.

Part I of this article will first provide background on the ART deal in its relation to the World Cup. Part II will discuss the economics of exclusivity, and the likely social effects on Arab
fans. Because broadcasting is related to copyright law, Part III of this article will provide an overview of the attempts made by Arab countries to improve copyright protection. Additionally, this section will discuss how ART's exclusive rights will be analyzed under the existing copyright laws of Arab countries. Part IV will investigate the antitrust implications of ART's exclusive rights. Finally, Part V will provide some solutions to the issue of ART's exclusivity that attempt to balance the right of Arab fans and the development of a diverse broadcasting industry in Arab countries. This article concludes that given current trends regarding World
Cup broadcasting in Arab countries, legislative or regulatory action should be taken to guarantee that World Cup matches are available to all Arab fans regardless of their ability to gain access to or afford pay television. In sum, Arab fans should come first.

The article discusses accession of Arab countries to the WTO and some of the obstacles they face. The article also examines the impact of the multilateral trading system on selected sectors such as oil and agriculture of Arab countries. The proposition in this article is that the WTO is not a perfect institution. In WTO accession, politics matter more than commerce or trade. I argue that joining the WTO is a balancing act. As a result of economic liberalization, there would losers in industries of Arab countries. However, winners could compensate for any loss.

The objective of this article is to examine the implications of the intellectual property
provisions in the US–Jordan Free Trade Agreement (US–JO FTA) and whether they serve as
a template for other Arab countries who will be concluding free trade agreements with the
USA. My claim in this article is that the intellectual property part of the US–JO FTA goes
beyond the World Trade Organization Agreement and cannot form the right template for the
proposed US–Middle East FTA of 2013. The first section provides a brief introduction to the
US–JO FTA. The second section provides a critical analysis of the FTA's protection of
trademarks, copyright and patents. The third and fourth sections discuss enforcement and
implementation of the intellectual property provisions of the FTA. The final section provides
a conclusion regarding the intellectual property provisions of the US–JO FTA and highlights
an alternative template for the proposed US–Middle East FTA.

Arab countries are attempting to broaden their engagement in the multilateral
trading system in a manner that has many implications. Not only
have some Arab countries either acceded or are in the pipeline of acceding
to the World Trade Organization (WTO), but their new commitments
coincide with reorientations in their economic strategies. The purpose of
this article is to examine the involvement in and implications of the multilateral
trading system on Arab countries.

Qualified industrial zones offer opportunities for greater Israeli and Jordanian understanding through personal and professional across the border contacts necessitated by the day-to-day
operation of these QIZs. It is peace by putting aside old history of mischief and
misgiving. The goal of the QIZs is also to provide desperately needed jobs to Jordanians
taking advantage of unlimited pool of cheap labor and tax benefits.6 Labor is in Jordanian
currency while the final product is in U.S dollar. Therefore, QIZs are very attractive.

Purpose – The World Trade Organization (WTO) is one of the best dispute settlement mechanisms in the world. Under WTO rules, aggrieved parties must establish a "prima facie" case before the panel can call on the offending party to respond to the claims. The objective of the present study is to critically evaluate the application of the concept of burden of proof under WTO dispute settlement mechanism.

We seek to investigate the effect of oil price on UAE goods trade deficit with the U.S. The current increase in the price of oil and the absence of significant studies in the UAE economy are the main motives behind the current study. Our paper focuses on a small portion of UAE trade, which is 11% of the UAE foreign trade, however, it is a significant part since the U.S. is a major trade partner with the UAE. The current paper concludes that oil price has a significant positive influence on real imports. At the same time, oil price does not have a significant
effect on real exports. As a result, any increase in the price of oil increases goods trade deficit of the UAE economy. The policy implication of the current paper is that the revenue of oil sales is not used to encourage UAE real exports.

Electronic commerce is important, and perhaps, inevitable. Thus, to consider the legal implications of the growth and development of electronic commerce is essential. However, the lack of suitable dispute resolution mechanisms in cyberspace will constitute a serious obstacle
to the further development of electronic commerce. Bearing this in mind, this thesis argues that when Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) moves to cyberspace, particularly arbitration and mediation as the main types of ADR, the form of Online Alternative Dispute Resolution
(OADR) can maximize the growth of e-commerce.

This paper argues that the advent of the internet has created challenges and opportunities for dispute resolution mechanisms and particularly ADR. These challenges and opportunities are interconnected inexorably with each other and with internet characteristics. This paper
concludes that a number of technical issues need to be addressed if there is to be a swift and successful deployment of OADR mechanisms in a cross-border environment. Some uncertainties remain due to technological limitations. Indeed, the growth of OADR is tied to the development of technology.

The purpose of this paper is to examine income tax evasion in Jordan and set forth various cures for this problem.The paper investigates the phenomenon of income tax evasion. In doing so, the paper reviews reports from academics and statistics from the Income Tax Department. The paper begins with an overview of the Income Tax Law. The paper then distinguishes between tax evasion and tax avoidance and provides empirical data on the size of income tax evasion in Jordan. A study of article 42 of the Income Tax Law, the anti-tax evasion provision, is made. In the final analysis, the paper suggests several means that can be used to address income tax evasion.

This article addresses the problems associated with aircraft noise with or without pilots. It asks whether the administrative measures taken by France and the United Arab Emirates are sufficient and efficient to combat noise pollution. It examines the aeronautical preventive measures, as well as those related to urbanism, before discussing remedial measures for aircraft noise. This article finds that the administrative measures taken by the UAE, in comparison to those of France, are insufficient and ineffective. One of the reasons is that the preventative and suppressive measures reflect the transversal nature of noise: they are both national and international regulations, but they are not homogenous, unitary and structured.
Legislative policies, taking into account expert suggestions and opinions, must emerge in the UAE by following the recommendations on the protection of the environment of international institutions, such as ICAO. Thus, the mitigation measures would be used to redistribute aircraft noise to diminish its impact on the most sensitive areas. This article recommends measures such as modifying runways, as well as routes, and special manoeuvres to reduce noise during take-off and approach.

Rules of origin (ROO) are pivotal element of the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA).
ROO are basically established to ensure that only eligible products receive preferential tariff
treatment. Taking into consideration the profound implications of ROO for enhancing trade
flows and facilitating the success of regional integration, this article sheds light on the way that
ROO in GAFTA are designed and implemented. Moreover, the article examines the extent to
which ROO still represents an obstacle to the full implementation of GAFTA. In addition, the
article provides ways to overcome the most important shortcomings of ROO text in the agreement and ultimately offering possible solutions to those issues.

In our globalized world, competition for capital is intense and only jurisdictions with superior corporate governance will attract the FDI crucial for economic growth and development.29 Corporate governance encompasses numerous aspects of how a business is governed and the relationship between the company and various stakeholders. An important marker of good corporate governance is transparent and reliable financial reporting since investment decisions are based on financial statements which must be reliable and trustworthy. Indeed, accurate
financial reporting of publicly-traded companies constitutes "the" source of information for a myriad of stakeholders including: company manager; shareholders, government regulators and potential investors