Suchergebnisse

Objectives Neuritin 1 gene (NRN1) is involved in neurodevelopment processes and synaptic plasticity and its expression is regulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We aimed to investigate the association of NRN1 with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and bipolar disorders (BPD), to explore its role in age at onset and cognitive functioning, and to test the epistasis between NRN1 and BDNF. Methods The study was developed in a sample of 954 SSD/BPD patients and 668 healthy subjects. Genotyping analyses included 11 SNPs in NRN1 and one functional SNP in BDNF. Results The frequency of the haplotype C-C (rs645649–rs582262) was significantly increased in patients compared to controls (P = 0.0043), while the haplotype T-C-C-T-C-A (rs3763180–rs10484320–rs4960155–rs9379002–rs9405890–rs1475157) was more frequent in controls (P = 3.1 × 10−5). The variability at NRN1 was nominally related to changes in age at onset and to differences in intelligence quotient, in SSD patients. Epistasis between NRN1 and BDNF was significantly associated with the risk for SSD/BPD (P = 0.005). Conclusions Results suggest that: (i) NRN1 variability is a shared risk factor for both SSD and BPD, (ii) NRN1 may have a selective impact on age at onset and intelligence in SSD, and (iii) the role of NRN1 seems to be not independent of BDNF. ; We are grateful to all the participants, whose willingness to take part made this work possible. We also thank Anna Valldeperas for her participation in molecular laboratory tasks. Funding for this study was provided by: i) Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ii) Fundación Alicia Koplowitz; iii) Ministry of Science and Innovation (PIM2010ERN-00642)-ERA-NET NEURON; iv) P1·1B2010-40 and P1·1B2011-47 from the Fundació Bancaixa-UJI; v) Miguel Servet Research Contracts (CP10/00596) from the Plan Nacional de I + D+i and co-funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Subdirección General de Evaluación y Fomento de la Investigación and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER); vi) Health research funds from the Spanish Government (PI11/01977); vii) METSY project of the 7th Framework Programme of the European Commission (FP7-HEALTH-602478) and Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PI10/01920, PI14/02096); Claudia Prats was supported by APIF-IBUB grant 2014. Thanks to the Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del DIUE (2014SGR1636, 2014SGR1573, 2014SGR489).

Healthcare workers are a key occupational group at risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). We investigated the prevalence and correlates of STB among hospital workers during the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 outbreak (March-July 2020). Data come from the baseline assessment of a cohort of Spanish hospital workers (n = 5450), recruited from 10 hospitals just after the height of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak (May 5-July 23, 2020). Web-based self-report surveys assessed 30-day STB, individual characteristics, and potentially modifiable contextual factors related to hospital workers' work and financial situation. Thirty-day STB prevalence was estimated at 8.4% (4.9% passive ideation only, 3.5% active ideation with or without a plan or attempt). A total of n = 6 professionals attempted suicide in the past 30 days. In adjusted models, 30-day STB remained significantly associated with pre-pandemic lifetime mood (odds ratio [OR] = 2.92) and anxiety disorder (OR = 1.90). Significant modifiable factors included a perceived lack of coordination, communication, personnel, or supervision at work (population-attributable risk proportion [PARP] = 50.5%), and financial stress (PARP = 44.1%). Thirty-day STB among hospital workers during the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 outbreak was high. Hospital preparedness for virus outbreaks should be increased, and strong governmental policy response is needed to increase financial security among hospital workers.

Background: Healthcare workers are a key occupational group at risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). We investigated the prevalence and correlates of STB among hospital workers during the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 outbreak (March-July 2020). Methods: Data come from the baseline assessment of a cohort of Spanish hospital workers (n = 5450), recruited from 10 hospitals just after the height of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak (May 5-July 23, 2020). Web-based self-report surveys assessed 30-day STB, individual characteristics, and potentially modifiable contextual factors related to hospital workers' work and financial situation. Results: Thirty-day STB prevalence was estimated at 8.4% (4.9% passive ideation only, 3.5% active ideation with or without a plan or attempt). A total of n = 6 professionals attempted suicide in the past 30 days. In adjusted models, 30-day STB remained significantly associated with pre-pandemic lifetime mood (odds ratio [OR] = 2.92) and anxiety disorder (OR = 1.90). Significant modifiable factors included a perceived lack of coordination, communication, personnel, or supervision at work (population-attributable risk proportion [PARP] = 50.5%), and financial stress (PARP = 44.1%). Conclusions and Relevance: Thirty-day STB among hospital workers during the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 outbreak was high. Hospital preparedness for virus outbreaks should be increased, and strong governmental policy response is needed to increase financial security among hospital workers. ; Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) /FEDER, Grant/Award Number: COV20/00711; ISCIII, Grant/Award Number: Sara Borrell, CD18/00049, PFIS, FI18/00012; FPU, Grant/Award Number: FPU15/05728; Generalitat de Catalunya, Grant/Award Number: 2017SGR452 ; Sí

Obesity correlates with a higher risk of fractures in some sites as vertebras, upper arm, and legs. This is a narrative mini-review focused on several key points that link obesity with osteoporosis. Waist circumference may a better predictor of fractures than body mass index (BMI) in obese females. Even obese menopausal women have an extra source of estrogens in fat tissue this actually is not enough to offer a complete protection against osteoporotic fractures. Low levels of testosterone in males induce a higher risk of fall dependent or independent of sarcopenia (which is more evident in elderly). High BMI is correlated with vitamin D deficiency. Obesity is a contributor to muscle damage and decline due to fat accumulation and inefficient fuel utilisation by the muscle, namely sarcopenic obesity, regardless the age. Associated type 2 diabetes mellitus involves bone damage and fracture risk due to glycated proteins of the matrix, the changes of adipokines, increased cortical porosity, high risk of fall because of blood pressure and glycaemia anomalies, visual disturbances, renal and peripheral nerves diabetes-associated conditions etc. The fracture risk is also augmented via fat derived cytokines and chronic inflammation. Even it seems logical that the weight correction though bariatric surgery reduces the fracture risk in obesity, actually data from longitudinal studies pointed that, despite the procedure is life saving, it does not actually protect against osteoporosis which is regarded as a potential long-term complication. A high fracture burden in obesity should increase the level of awareness for practitioners of different medical areas due to multiple levels of complications and to the epidemiological impact of obesity.

The harmful effects of smoking cigarettes on human health are well documented; thus various smoking cessation
methods have been assessed and new options are currently under development to provide a "better' alternative to the "worse"
one, namely smoking. However, no ideal method of ending or replacing conventional smoking has been developed so far, and
actually, none of them has been proven entirely effective or safe. The laxity, or rather the absence of regulations in the first
decade of existence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) allowed their use with prohibited substances instead of nicotine
or other substances with detrimental effect, with the emergence of a severe syndrome - e-cigarette and vaping-associated lung
injury (EVALI), whose treatment required even lung transplantation in young people without any prior underlying lung disease.
This narrative review aims to provide a brief overview of concerns about medical issues associated with e-cigarette use,
particularly cardiovascular and respiratory panels. We organized the data in several micro-sections varying from practical aspects
of understanding ENDS to clinical issues. To combat tobacco addiction, electronic cigarettes are increasingly widely accepted. A
global regulatory framework is required to prevent the emergence of an illicit e-cigarette business with detrimental impacts on
health.