Suchergebnisse

18 páginas. Three anonymous referees helped us to greatly improve the paper. We are grateful to the Consejería de Medio Ambiente (Andalusian Government) and to the Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales for financial support and to the Doñana National Park and Doñana Biological Reserve managers for the use of their facilities and the support to carry out the field work. Héctor Garrido, Eduardo Aguilera and Rubén Rodríguez provided us with valuable information about the wading bird colony. Doñana Monitoring Team members and Eduardo Gutiérrez, Juan S. Cara, Paula Madejón, Pilar Burgos and Vanessa Peiró helped us with the field and/or laboratory analyses. ; Conservation management conflicts frequently arise when an overpopulation of a protected organism has negative effects on other valuable elements in the same ecosystem. We studied the interactions between a colony of protected tree-nesting wading birds and a remnant population of centenarian cork oaks that was part of the formerly dominant forests in the Doñana Biological Reserve (SW Spain). A significant increase in the tree mortality rates has been recorded in areas that are yearly influenced by the bird colony. ; LVG, CA, AM, MTD, LGA and TM were supported by the INTERBOS (CGL2008-4503-C03-01), the DECALDO (091/2009) and the BIOGEOBIRD (P09-RMN-4987) projects. ; Peer reviewed

15 páginas.-- 3 figuras.-- 3 tablas.-- referencias.-- The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2018.01682/full#supplementary-material ; There is an increasing consensus that microbial communities have an important role in mediating ecosystem processes. Trait-based ecology predicts that the impact of the microbial communities on ecosystem functions will be mediated by the expression of their traits at community level. The link between the response of microbial community traits to environmental conditions and its effect on plant functioning is a gap in most current microbial ecology studies. In this study, we analyzed functional traits of ectomycorrhizal fungal species in order to understand the importance of their community assembly for the soil–plant relationships in holm oak trees (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) growing in a gradient of exposure to anthropogenic trace element (TE) contamination after a metalliferous tailings spill. Particularly, we addressed how the ectomycorrhizal composition and morphological traits at community level mediate plant response to TE contamination and its capacity for phytoremediation. Ectomycorrhizal fungal taxonomy and functional diversity explained a high proportion of variance of tree functional traits, both in roots and leaves. Trees where ectomycorrhizal fungal communities were dominated by the abundant taxa Hebeloma cavipes and Thelephora terrestris showed a conservative root economics spectrum, while trees colonized by rare taxa presented a resource acquisition strategy. Conservative roots presented ectomycorrhizal functional traits characterized by high rhizomorphs formation and low melanization which may be driven by resource limitation. Soil-to-root transfer of TEs was explained substantially by the ectomycorrhizal fungal species composition, with the highest transfer found in trees whose roots were colonized by Hebeloma cavipes. Leaf phosphorus was related to ectomycorrhizal species composition, specifically higher leaf phosphorus was related to the root colonization by Thelephora terrestris. These findings support that ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition and their functional traits mediate plant performance in metal-contaminated soils, and have a high influence on plant capacity for phytoremediation of contaminants. The study also corroborates the overall effects of ectomycorrhizal fungi on ecosystem functioning through their mediation over the plant economics spectrum. ; This work was financially supported by European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) (Grant No. 603498- RECARE); Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Grant No. CGL2014-52858-R- RESTECO and Grant No. CGL2017-82254-R- INTARSU). MG-M was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Grant No. BES-2015-073882). During manuscript preparation, ÁL-G was supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Curie Individual Fellowship (Grant No. 708530 –DISPMIC). ; Peer reviewed

Comunicación presentada en la sesión "Strengthening ES Community of Practices" de la European Ecosystem Services Conference, Antwerp, Belgium, 19-23 September, 2016. ; Despite numerous research efforts over the last decades, integrating the concept of ecosystem services into land management decision-making continues to pose considerable challenges. Researchers have developed many different frameworks to operationalize the concept, but these are often specific to a certain issue and each has their own definitions and understandings of particular terms. Based on a comprehensive review of the current scientific debate, the EU FP7 project RECARE proposes an adapted framework for soil-related ecosystem services that is suited for practical application in the prevention and remediation of soil degradation across Europe. We have adapted existing frameworks by integrating components from soil science while attempting to introduce a consistent terminology that is understandable to a variety of stakeholders. RECARE aims to assess how soil threats and prevention and remediation measures affect ecosystem services. Changes in the natural capital's properties influence soil processes, which support the provision of ecosystem services. The benefits produced by these ecosystem services are explicitly or implicitly valued by individuals and society. This can influence decision- and policy making at different scales, potentially leading to a societal response, such as improved land management. The proposed ecosystem services framework will be applied by the RECARE project in a transdisciplinary process. It will assist in singling out the most beneficial land management measures and in identifying trade-offs and win–win situations resulting from and impacted by European policies. The framework thus reflects the specific contributions soils make to ecosystem services and helps reveal changes in ecosystem services caused by land management and policies impacting on soil. At the same time, the framework is simple and robust enough for practical application in assessing soil threats and their management with stakeholders at various levels. ; RECARE project ; No

12 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 4 tablas.- referencias.- The Supplementary data to this article: in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.108102 ; Soil biodiversity loss due to pollution may affect ecosystem services negatively. This environmental problem may be solved by phytoremediation, which is an effective strategy to manage and remediate contaminated areas. During this remediation process, the establishment of plant communities may improve soil fungal community structure and, in particular, may favour mycorrhizal symbiotic associations. As a consequence, afforestation of degraded lands will have different outcomes on fungal diversity and functionality, which will depend on the selected tree and shrub species. We analysed soil fungal diversity and functional guilds by high-throughput sequencing of environmental DNA in a trace element contaminated area, part of a large scale phytoremediation project running for 20 years. We selected five habitats for comparison purposes: three under the canopy of selected tree species (wild olive, white poplar and stone pine), adjacent treeless areas (grassland) and non-remediated areas (bare soil). Soil fungal diversity and richness seemed to be enhanced by phytoremediation. White poplar soil had the highest diversity and richness compared to wild olive and stone pine. Fungal communities were especially different between stone pine, with soils rich in organic C and high C:N ratio, and grassland soils. We identified 9,428 fungal OTUs from which 1,283 were assigned to a unique functional guild; the most abundant belonging to saprotrophic, plant pathogenic and ectomycorrhizal functional guilds. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were more abundant in soils under ectomycorrhizal host trees. Saprotrophs were abundant in grassland and wild olive soils, while plant pathogens were abundant in non-remediated soils. The remediation of soils (clean-up and amendment addition) allowed the natural establishment of grassland habitats throughout the study area, increasing fungal diversity, richness, taxonomy and functionality, when compared to non-remediated soils. Tree afforestation allowed the establishment of a forest type community bringing a further recruitment of fungal taxa, mainly the ectomycorrhizal fungal guild. Afforestation with different tree species showed species-specific effects on soil N, organic C, Ca and C:N ratio which led to increased spatial heterogeneity in areas with potential to recruit a wider diversity of fungi. ; This work was supported by European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) [grant number 603498 - RECARE], and Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [grants number CGL2014-52858-R – RESTECO and CGL2017-82254-R – INTARSU]. MG-M was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [grant number BES-2015-073882]. AL-G was supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Curie Individual Fellowship [grant number 708530 – DISPMIC], Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [grant number CGL2015-69118-C2-2-P-COEXMED-II] and University of Jaén under the Plan 6-UJA postdoctoral fellowship. MTD was supported by a postdoctoral grant by Universidad de Sevilla (V Plan Propio de Investigación) and by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [grant number CGL2017-85891-R- DEGRAMED]. ; Peer reviewed

11 páginas.-- informe de los resultados y conclusiones del Taller 1 celebrado el 19 de febrero del 2015 ; El Corredor Verde del Guadiamar (provincia de Sevilla) es uno de los 17 casos de estudio del proyecto europeo RECARE (2014-2018), que tiene como finalidad encontrar métodos para evaluar las amenazas actuales de los suelos y de buscar soluciones innovadoras para evitar una mayor degradación del suelo en toda Europa. El pasado 19 de Febrero de 2015 tuvo lugar un Taller participativo en el Centro de Visitantes del Guadiamar (Aznalcázar), organizado por Engracia Madejón (IRNAS, CSIC) y María Anaya (Evenor-Tech), con los representantes de los principales sectores implicados en la gestión, estudio y uso del Corredor Verde del Guadiamar. Participaron más de 30 representantes de la Administración, Centros académicos y de investigación, Entidades de educación ambiental, Asociaciones de agricultores y ganaderos y ONGs. El propósito del taller ha sido crear una plataforma multidisciplinar desde la que identificar las principales amenazas y proponer las mejores soluciones para la recuperación de los suelos contaminados. En este primer Taller del proyecto se establecieron los contactos entre los agentes de interés y se pusieron en común las diferentes perspectivas sobre la gestión del espacio Corredor Verde del Guadiamar. Se elaboró una lista de las principales amenazas y los problemas de la zona, y se evaluaron las posibles soluciones, tecnologías y aproximaciones para la recuperación de las funciones del suelo y la provisión de los servicios ecosistémicos ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 603498 (RECARE project).' ; No

Ecosystem services are the direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to human well-being. Despite the importance of soil services, they are often underestimated and largely unrecognized. We introduce briefly the framework recently proposed by Schwilch et al. (2016), and present some results of the potential use of different tree species to remediate contaminated soils on Mediterranean conditions. Disruptions of biogeochemical cycles by human activities act as a direct driver of global change. The Guadiamar Green Corridor (Seville, Spain), is an example of extensive soil contamination by trace elements originated by mining activities. In the large-scale remediation and restoration plan, soil was cleaned-up, amendments were added, and trees of several native species were planted (Domínguez et al. 2008). We present some approaches to study tree-soil interactions, soil functioning and the provided ecosystem services. 1) Potential of trees for the phytostabilization of soil contaminants. The immobilization of contaminants by plant roots, litter decomposition and their associated microbes means an improvement of soil quality and therefore a regulation service. We measured the effects of different tree species (Marañón et al. 2015). 2) Carbon storage in soil. We assessed the effectiveness of different tree species in providing this regulation service. 3) Promoting soil biodiversity. We evaluated the colonization by mycorrhizal fungi of roots of Quercus ilex planted on different soil conditions of acidity and contamination level. References: Domínguez MT et al. (2008). Environmental Pollution, 152: 50-59. Marañón T et al. (2015). Web Ecology, 15: 45-48. Schwilch G et al. (2016). Ecological Indicators, 67: 586-597. ; European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement n° 603498 (RECARE). Proyecto RESTECO- CGL2014-52858-R, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Programa Retos. ; No

Comunicación oral en la Sesión 66- "Soil-Plant Interactions and Soil Ecosystem Services Delivery" del "5th International Ecosummit. Ecological Sustainability. Engineering Change", 29 August - 1 September, 2016, Montpellier, Francia. ; Introduction. Afforestation on contaminated soils contributes to stabilization of trace elements, and to carbon accumulation in biomass and soil. We have assessed two ecosystem services - phytoremediation and carbon sequestration – delivered by trees and shrubs planted on a contaminated land. Methods. The Guadiamar Green Corridor (SW Spain) is a large-scale case of phytoremediation. After the 1998 mine spill, which contaminated over 4000 ha, soil was cleaned up, remediated and afforested. For phytoremediation assessment, we selected seven tree species and measured concentration of 24 mineral elements, 13C and 15N, in five ecosystem compartments: leaves, roots, litterfall, topsoil and deep soil. For carbon sequestration assessment, we selected four woody species in three sites. We measured soil carbon fractions, microbial biomass and a suit of soil enzyme activities. Soil respiration was monitored over one year in one of the sites. Results. Tree leaves had the highest variation in chemical concentration (mean CV 79%), and the identity of tree species was a major source of variation. In contrast, topsoil had lower variation (mean CV 25%) and only three elements presented significant differences associated to tree species. Microbial biomass and activity was strongly influenced by soil pH, increasing under trees which neutralized soil acidity, like Populus. Soil underneath trees accumulated more organic matter and lost less C by respiration than in the open microsites. Discussion. Soil chemical footprint of seven planted tree species was still weak, 16 years after plantation, probably due to their young age. However, those trees planted in a contaminated and remediated soil were contributing effectively to the phytostabilization of trace elements by their immobilization in roots and organic matter. Soil underneath trees presented a higher net contribution to carbon sequestration than open. The role of tree plantations in contaminated soils and their potential delivering ecosystem services are discussed. ; European Union: Seventh Framework Programme grant 603498. RECARE project. ; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity: RESTECO project - CGL2014-52858-R ; No

8 páginas.-- 6 figuras.-- 2 tablas.-- referencias ; Riparian areas are highly dynamic systems where the control of soil pollution might be particularly challenging. Limited accessibility to river banks and bed sediments makes reclamation operations particularly difficult in these topographical positions, in comparison to floodplains. This usually leads to the large-scale spread of pollutants following pollution episodes in riparian areas. Here, we aimed to evaluate the persistence of trace-element pollution in the soils of Guadiamar River Valley (SW Spain), a large-scale remediation after a mine-spill. We monitored topsoil along the river basin, and in different topographical positions across the river section (river channel, river banks and floodplain), 16. years after a pollution episode and subsequent remediation program. River channels and banks were identified as hotspots of soil pollution, where soluble concentrations of As, Cd and Zn were significantly higher than in floodplains. Along the basin, soil pH and carbonate content was highly variable as a result of contrasted geological background, differential loads of sulfide deposition after the accident and irregular effectiveness of the applied amendments. Cadmium and Zn showed the highest levels of long-term re-distribution from the pollution source. The results suggests that the stabilization and remediation of soil pollution in river banks and channels, often overlooked when achieving remediation works, should be a priority for land managers. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement n° 603498 (RECARE). M.T.D. was supported by a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral grant awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. We are grateful to Patricia Puente and Cristina García for their help at different stages of the study. ; Peer Reviewed

Comunicación oral y póster presentados en la Reunión Plenaria del proyecto europeo RECARE, Hella, Islandia, 29 mayo-2 junio 2017. Se presentan resultados sobre las dos medidas de recuperación de suelos contaminados evaluadas en el Corredor Verde del Guadiamar: a) adición de enmiendas y b) plantación de árboles. ; Evaluation of two measures to remediate contaminated soils at the Guadiamar study site (Spain): a) amendment addition and b) tree plantation. Contribution to the RECARE Plenary Meeting, 2017 (Hella, Iceland). ; European Union 7th Framework Programme. ; No

22 páginas.-- 5 figuras.-- 4 tablas.-- 89 referencias.-- : All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information file https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180240 ; Soil pollution by trace elements (TEs) from mining and industrial activity is widespread and presents a risk to humans and ecosystems. The use of trees to immobilize TEs (phytostabilization) is a low-cost and effective method of soil remediation. We aimed to determine the chemical composition of leaves and flower buds of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in seven sites along the Guadiamar River valley (SW Spain), an area contaminated by a mine-spill in 1998. E. camaldulensis trees in the spill-affected area and adjacent non affected areas were growing on a variety of soils with pH from 5.6 to 8.1 with low concentration of plant nutrients. The spill affected soils contained up to 1069 mg kg-1 of As and 4086 mg kg-1 of Pb. E. camaldulensis tolerated elevated TE concentrations in soil and, compared to other species growing in the same environment, had low TE concentrations in the aerial portions. Besides tolerance to soil contamination, E. camaldulensis had low bioaccumulation coefficients for soil contaminants. TE concentrations in the aboveground portions were below levels reported to be toxic to plants or ecosystems. Flower buds had even lower TE concentrations than leaves. Despite the relatively low concentration of TEs in leaves they were significantly correlated with the soil extractable (0.01 M CaCl2) Cd, Mn and Zn (but not Cu and Pb). The general features of this tree species: tolerance to impoverished and contaminated soils, fast growth and deep root system, and low transfer of TEs from soil to aboveground organs makes it suitable for phytostabilization of soils contaminated by TEs. In addition, eucalyptus leaves could be used for biomonitoring the soil extractability of Cd, Mn and Zn but not Cu or Pb. ; This work has been funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n˚ 603498 (RECARE), and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, project RESTECO (CGL-2014-52858-R). ; Peer reviewed

Capítulo sobre "Contaminación del Suelo" que forma parte del libro colectivo "Amenazas del Suelo en Europa" editado por Jannes Stolte et al. y publicado por el Joint Research Centre de la Unión Europea. Es un trabajo de revisión que ha resultado del proyecto europeo RECARE (http://www.recare-project.eu/). ; This report presents the result of WP2 of the RECARE project. One of the objectives of WP2 is to provide an improved overview of existing information on soil threats and degradation at the European scale. In particular, this chapter 8 deals with soil contamination, providing comprehensive, thematic information on this soil threat in Europe with due attention given to the Driving force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response to soil threats. ; European Commission, Joint Research Centre. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement n° 603498 (RECARE). ; Peer reviewed

12 páginas.-- 3 figuras.-- 1 tabla.-- referencias.-- Supplementary Table A https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X16301200?via%3Dihub#upi0005 ; Despite numerous research efforts over the last decades, integrating the concept of ecosystem services into land management decision-making continues to pose considerable challenges. Researchers have developed many different frameworks to operationalize the concept, but these are often specific to a certain issue and each has their own definitions and understandings of particular terms. Based on a comprehensive review of the current scientific debate, the EU FP7 project RECARE proposes an adapted framework for soil-related ecosystem services that is suited for practical application in the prevention and remediation of soil degradation across Europe. We have adapted existing frameworks by integrating components from soil science while attempting to introduce a consistentterminology thatis understandable to a variety of stakeholders. RECARE aims to assess how soil threats and prevention and remediation measures affect ecosystem services. Changes in the natural capital's properties influence soil processes, which support the provision of ecosystem services. The benefits produced by these ecosystem services are explicitly or implicitly valued by individuals and society. This can influence decision- and policymaking at different scales, potentially leading to a societal response, such as improved land management. The proposed ecosystem services framework will be applied by the RECARE project in a transdisciplinary process. It will assist in singling out the most beneficial land management measures and in identifying trade-offs and win–win situations resulting from and impacted by European policies. The framework thus reflects the specific contributions soils make to ecosystem services and helps reveal changes in ecosystem services caused by soil management and policies impacting on soil. At the same time, the framework is simple and robust enough for practical application in assessing soil threats and their management with stakeholders at various levels. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement No. 603498 (RECARE project). The authors wish to thank all partners of RECARE for their useful feedback on the suggested ecosystem services framework during and after the plenary meeting in Padova in March 2015. We are also grateful for the inputs and feedback received during the RECARE 'Soil Threats and Ecosystem Services' workshop in Wageningen in May 2014 and the Global Soil Week dialogue session in Berlin in April 2015. Finally, we thank Marlène Thibault of CDE for editing this article and the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. ; Peer reviewed

Only a few studies have quantified and measured ecosystem services (ES) specifically related to soil. To address this gap, we have developed and applied a methodology to assess changes in ecosystem services, based on measured or estimated soil property changes that were stimulated by soil management measures (e.g., mulching, terracing, no-till). We applied the ES assessment methodology in 16 case study sites across Europe representing a high diversity of soil threats and land use systems. Various prevention and remediation measures were trialled, and the changes in manageable soil and other natural capital properties were measured and quantified. An Excel tool facilitated data collection, calculation of changes in ecosystem services, and visualization of measured short-term changes and estimated long-term changes at plot level and for the wider area. With this methodology, we were able to successfully collect and compare data on the impact of land management on 15 different ecosystem services from 26 different measures. Overall, the results are positive in terms of the impacts of the trialled measures on ecosystem services, with 18 out of 26 measures having no decrease in any service at the plot level. Although methodological challenges remain, the ES assessment was shown to be a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of the trialled measures, and also served as an input to a stakeholder valuation of ecosystem services at local and sub-national levels. ; The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 603498 (RECARE project). It was also supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract no. 15-0497 and VEGA grant no. 1/0710/15. ; Peer reviewed