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"An exploration into the impact of the global crisis on emerging economies and firms and their responses to it. The ways in which the leading emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) are dealing with the challenges of the global crisis are complemented by the approaches applied by countries and firms from Central and Eastern Europe. This is a pioneering volume shedding light on the successful international activities of the emerging economies in the global crisis. Offering a variety of perspectives, the chapters deal with the successful application of specific modes of market entry of BRIC economies in developed countries and the ways in which Russian, Indian, Chinese, and also Polish, Slovene and Estonian firms have coped with the challenges of the global crisis"--Provided by publisher.

The internationalization of emerging economies has brought new perspectives to international business development. Focusing on the extensive impact these emerging economies and firms have had, this volume covers the strong players, such as Brazil, Russia, India and China, as well as dynamically developing economies such as Mexico and the Philippines. The contributors review topics such as the role of institutions and resource dependency on outward foreign direct investment from emerging economies, and the role of the global mindset and psychic distance on the performance of subsidiaries of firms originating from emerging economies. It explores new horizons in international business development and addresses challenging perspectives.

"A contribution to the scarce body of literature on internationalization of emerging economies and their firms. Using a large variety of national contexts, it addresses the advancing business development of new emerging economies and their impact on the process of internationalization of emerging countries and firms. The impact of country and firm specific factors, the role of institutions and governments, the strive for compensation of initial disadvantages, the struggle for finding ways to counterbalance for late coming into the international arena in the process of internationalization are brought under scrutiny in this volume. The chapters provide insights from diverse contexts ranging from Brazil to Malaysia."--Provided by publisher.

The paper examines a number of positive academic outcomes achieved by university students who, as young rail enthusiasts representing over 10 European institutions, took part in extracurricular rail-related academic activities. Analyses presented in the paper are based on the evaluation of the responses to the questionnaire distributed amongst participants of three consecutive editions of an intensive program in rail and logistics which took place in 2012, 2013, and 2014. Also, quotes from follow-up one-to-one interviews with participants are used to support the results presented. The sample for each year varies in terms of numbers, nationalities, academic backgrounds, and male:female ratio. Academic benefits are specifically looked into, which includes teaching and learning activities throughout the three weeks of the program. The analysis of results revealed that young rail enthusiasts who participated in the program benefited from lectures delivered in Week 1, especially those focused on multimodal transport and rail infrastructure in 2013, which received positive mean ratings of 4.45 and 4.53, respectively, on a five-point Likert scale. Moreover, academic benefits were strongly supported by non-technical skills improvements in areas such as English language and communication, both reaching the mean ratings of 4.35 or above in 2014. A number of recommendations for improvements of next editions of similar rail-related programs as well as areas for future research are identified in the paper

"Internationalisation has been a binding request for firms dealing with the challenges of the present-day realities. Extant international business publications have recently begun to point out the relationship between the notions of 'business model' and 'internationalisation', yet the filed needs considerably more attention. The core aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the ways in which business models and internationalisation impact one another in the process of initiating and expanding international business activities. The analysis makes it feasible to detect the core issues of the interdependences between business models and internationalisation to facilitate management decision-making and implementation of pertinent firm internationalisation incorporating the application of appropriate business models. In this book, the business model is applied to explore the specifics and aspects of firm internationalisation processes. Innovating the business model is analysed as a persuasive means for augmenting the propensities of firms to internationalise. The book enriches the comprehension of the significance of business model innovation as an enabler of firm internationalisation, in view that scares in what manners business model innovation facilitate firm internationalisation. The book chapters address a broad range of issues encompassing: the general roles of business model in firm internationalisation, the relationships between digital business models and platforms on one side and firm internationalisation on another, how business models determine the internationalisation of services firms, the interplay between business models and firm internationalisation in specific contexts. It will, therefore, be of interest to researchers, academics and advanced students in the fields of international business and management"--

Introduction: During working with sources of ionizing radiation, it is of special importance to take into account the dose load of the personnel working with such equipment.Aim: The aim of this article is to discuss the dose load of people working with mobile X-ray systems with a C-arm, who perform orthopedic procedures in the Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology of the St. Marina University Hospital, Varna. This research tries to convincingly show orthopedic surgeons and traumatologists that using a fluoroscopy mode (in all its variations) of the C-arm X-ray system when the tube is positioned under the patient table is best for their work when it comes to the working conditions, the image quality, the information value and the dose exposure of the staff.Materials and Methods: In the article a comparison of the dose load (effective dose) was made based on dosimetric measurements with respect to the personnel in different modes of operation of the X-ray equipment—roentgenoscopy (single shot) and fluoroscopy. The doses received by the surgeon-operator and his assistant were measured at three points of the body—head, gonads and feet, in radiography mode (single shot) and in three sub-modes of the fluoroscopy mode—continuous fluoroscopy, ½ dose fluoroscopy, and pulse fluoroscopy.For a more accurate comparison of the dose load in the respective operating modes, the time for reaching the dose limit for the personnel, determined by the Bulgarian legislation, was calculated—namely 20mSv per year.Results: The results of all measurements and calculations showed that the dose load in the radiography mode (single shot) was several times larger than the dose that was received in the three variations of the fluoroscopy mode at the same operating time.Conclusion: The results suggest that when using the fluoroscopy mode, even in the sub-mode with the highest dose load, it gives a lower dose than using the mode roentgenography, at the same time of operation of the X-ray tube.

AbstractOptic nerve glioma (ONG) is associated in 10% of patients with neurofibromatosis (NF) type 1. To date no consensus has been reached regarding the therapeutic approach and prevention of visual impairment in these patients. Reports in the literature vary from a conservative approach (observation) to the use of single treatment modalities or multimodality protocols of surgical removal, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. We present our experience with two siblings with ONG whose mother carries cutaneous stigmata of NF type 1. The younger sister was diagnosed 3 years after the treatment of the older sibling following recommended imaging for screening. Postoperative follow-up for 11 and 15 years, respectively, demonstrated lack of tumor regrowth and preserved vision in the contralateral eye. We discuss the treatment strategy in pediatric patients with orbital ONG associated with NF type 1.

In this paper, rail education and research - focused initiatives, approaches, policies and practices are presented. Needs for integrating rail education and research in EU and Asia are identified and discussed. The SWOT-Analysis conducted suggested that it would be of interest to set up a Euro-Asia cluster, which shall be focused on rail education and research to promote rail transport between both continents through cooperations, training and knowledge exchange.

This paper explores rail freight services provided by the private sector in the context of a rail freight corridor through Europe with new EU policy directives in place and assesses the corridor using time series analysis. Comparisons between three different operational time periods are discussed; analysis suggests that these types of services operated on trans-European rail freight corridors appear to be a viable and reliable concept in the near future.