Suchergebnisse

Most Americans and Europeans in opinion polls say that governments are doing a poor job of selecting wanted newcomers, preventing the entry and stay of unwanted foreigners, and integrating settled immigrants and their children. This seminar reviewed the evidence, asking about the economic and socio-political integration of low-skilled immigrants and their children. The context for links between immigration and integration is that most European nations have shrinking populations and extensive welfare states that provide support to the elderly and poor from the contributions of currently employed workers. If immigrants and their children add to employment, they can achieve the higher wages and more opportunities most sought inEuropeand help to preserve generous welfare states. However, if immigrants and their children are mostly jobless or out of the labor force, they may add burdens to welfare states.

Universities and employers want easier access to foreign science and engineering (S&E) students and workers. Most U.S. residents with degrees in S&E fields are U.S.-born citizens, and there are far more U.S. citizens with S&E degrees, about 15 million, than are employed in S&E occupations, about 5 million. Foreign students and workers in S&E occupations are concentrated in computer-related jobs, and their presence raises trade-offs for U.S. students and workers. For example, making it easier for U.S. employers to hire foreign S&E workers allows employers to specify precisely the qualities desired to fill a particular job quickly while limiting options for U.S. workers who could fill that job with some retraining. This article reviews the trade-offs between the competing goods raised by foreign S&E students and workers and the efforts of U.S. government agencies to reconcile them.

CARIM-India is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union. ; This paper examines the opportunities and challenges involved in attracting highly skilled Indian migrants to EU countries by examining US policies to attract highly skilled Indian and other migrants. The paper also outlines the policies regulating the entry of high-skilled workers into Germany and the UK. These policies have changed recently, making assessment difficult. The paper has four sections. The first reviews definitions of and data on the number and distribution of highly skilled workers. Section two summarizes US policies to admit highly skilled foreigners as immigrants and temporary visitors, emphasizing that many of those who wind up as highly skilled US immigrants enter as students or guest workers and become settler immigrants after being sponsored by a US employer or marrying a US citizen or immigrant. Section three outlines the admissions channels open to highly skilled Indians and other non-EU foreigners in Germany and the UK, while section four provides conclusions and recommendations. ; CARIM-India: Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration