Suchergebnisse

The "Geography of Innovation" is based on the desire to give empirical foundations to the explanations behind the pronounced spatial polarisation of the innovation activities. It focuses on an attempt to measure the spatial dimension of knowledge externalities, in order to reveal their role in the organisation of research systems. The aim of this paper is to survey this empirical literature in order to highlight the main results interesting for the innovation policy. This analysis emphasises one main role of technology policy : supporting the institutions which generate knowledge and learning. These are found at various territorial levels, especially within the European Union. Here attention is drawn to the regional intervention level.

The aim of this paper is to improve our understanding of the spatial diffusion process of knowledge in terms of accessibility, and also to elaborate a new measurement and evaluation tools adapted to a concrete estimation of these phenomena.
This approach offers ways of giving an operational content to the concept of proximity. We enrich the "potential functions" used to measure geographical accessibility with the integration of the characteristics of knowledge diffusion, namely sources of externalities/knowledge, ways of transmission and absorptive capacity. We especially focus on the relational and strategic dimensions of proximity, using some developments from social networks analysis.
Such an approach leads to new empirical models for estimating the determinants of accessibility to knowledge.

Based on a spatial extension of an R&D investment model, this paper measures the macroeconomic impact of theFrench R&D policy mix on business R&D using regional data. Our measure takes into account not only the directeffect of policies but also indirect effects generated by the existence of spatial interaction between regions. Usinga unique database containing information on the levels of various R&D policy instruments received by firms inFrench NUTS3 regions over the period 2001–2011, our estimates of a spatial Durbin model with structuralbreaks and fixed effects reveal the existence of a negative spatial dependence among R&D investments in regions.In this context, while a-spatial estimates would conclude that all instruments have a crowding-in effect, we showthat national subsidies are the only instrument that is able to generate significant crowding-in effects. On thecontrary, it seems that the design, size and spatial allocation of funds from the other instruments (tax credits,local subsidies, European subsidies) lead them to act (in the French context) as beggar-thy-neighbor policies.

Based on a spatial extension of an R&D investment model, this paper measures the macroeconomic impact of theFrench R&D policy mix on business R&D using regional data. Our measure takes into account not only the directeffect of policies but also indirect effects generated by the existence of spatial interaction between regions. Usinga unique database containing information on the levels of various R&D policy instruments received by firms inFrench NUTS3 regions over the period 2001–2011, our estimates of a spatial Durbin model with structuralbreaks and fixed effects reveal the existence of a negative spatial dependence among R&D investments in regions.In this context, while a-spatial estimates would conclude that all instruments have a crowding-in effect, we showthat national subsidies are the only instrument that is able to generate significant crowding-in effects. On thecontrary, it seems that the design, size and spatial allocation of funds from the other instruments (tax credits,local subsidies, European subsidies) lead them to act (in the French context) as beggar-thy-neighbor policies.

Based on a spatial extension of an R&D investment model, this paper measures the macroeconomic impact of the French R&D policy mix on business R&D using regional data. Our measure takes into account not only the direct effect of policies but also indirect effects generated by the existence of spatial interaction between regions. Using a unique database containing information on the levels of various R&D policy instruments received by firms in French NUTS3 regions over the period 2001-2011, our estimates of a spatial Durbin model with structural breaks and fixed effects reveal the existence of a negative spatial dependence among R&D investments in regions. In this context, while a-spatial estimates would conclude that all instruments have a crowding-in effect, we show that national subsidies are the only instrument that is able to generate significant crowding-in effects. On the contrary, it seems that the design, size and spatial allocation of funds from the other instruments (tax credits, local subsidies, European subsidies) lead them to act (in the French context) as beggar-thy-neighbor policies.

Based on a spatial extension of an R&D investment model, this paper measures the macroeconomic impact of theFrench R&D policy mix on business R&D using regional data. Our measure takes into account not only the directeffect of policies but also indirect effects generated by the existence of spatial interaction between regions. Usinga unique database containing information on the levels of various R&D policy instruments received by firms inFrench NUTS3 regions over the period 2001–2011, our estimates of a spatial Durbin model with structuralbreaks and fixed effects reveal the existence of a negative spatial dependence among R&D investments in regions.In this context, while a-spatial estimates would conclude that all instruments have a crowding-in effect, we showthat national subsidies are the only instrument that is able to generate significant crowding-in effects. On thecontrary, it seems that the design, size and spatial allocation of funds from the other instruments (tax credits,local subsidies, European subsidies) lead them to act (in the French context) as beggar-thy-neighbor policies.

Based on a spatial extension of an R&D investment model, this paper measures the macroeconomic impact of the French R&D policy mix on business R&D using regional data. Our measure takes into account not only the direct effect of policies but also indirect effects generated by the existence of spatial interaction between regions. Using a unique database containing information on the levels of various R&D policy instruments received by firms in French NUTS3 regions over the period 2001-2011, our estimates of a spatial Durbin model with structural breaks and fixed effects reveal the existence of a negative spatial dependence among R&D investments in regions. In this context, while a-spatial estimates would conclude that all instruments have a crowding-in effect, we show that national subsidies are the only instrument that is able to generate significant crowding-in effects. On the contrary, it seems that the design, size and spatial allocation of funds from the other instruments (tax credits, local subsidies, European subsidies) lead them to act (in the French context) as beggar-thy-neighbor policies.

Based on a spatial extension of an R&D investment model, this paper measures the macroeconomic impact of the French R&D policy mix on business R&D using regional data. Our measure takes into account not only the direct effect of policies but also indirect effects generated by the existence of spatial interaction between regions. Using a unique database containing information on the levels of various R&D policy instruments received by firms in French NUTS3 regions over the period 2001-2011, our estimates of a spatial Durbin model with structural breaks and fixed effects reveal the existence of a negative spatial dependence among R&D investments in regions. In this context, while a-spatial estimates would conclude that all instruments have a crowding-in effect, we show that national subsidies are the only instrument that is able to generate significant crowding-in effects. On the contrary, it seems that the design, size and spatial allocation of funds from the other instruments (tax credits, local subsidies, European subsidies) lead them to act (in the French context) as beggar-thy-neighbor policies.

Based on a spatial extension of an R&D investment model, this paper measures the macroeconomic impact of theFrench R&D policy mix on business R&D using regional data. Our measure takes into account not only the directeffect of policies but also indirect effects generated by the existence of spatial interaction between regions. Usinga unique database containing information on the levels of various R&D policy instruments received by firms inFrench NUTS3 regions over the period 2001–2011, our estimates of a spatial Durbin model with structuralbreaks and fixed effects reveal the existence of a negative spatial dependence among R&D investments in regions.In this context, while a-spatial estimates would conclude that all instruments have a crowding-in effect, we showthat national subsidies are the only instrument that is able to generate significant crowding-in effects. On thecontrary, it seems that the design, size and spatial allocation of funds from the other instruments (tax credits,local subsidies, European subsidies) lead them to act (in the French context) as beggar-thy-neighbor policies.

Using a unique database containing information on the amount of R&D tax credits and regional, national and European subsidies received by firms in French NUTS3 regions over the period 2001-2011, we provide new evidence on the efficiency of R&D policies taking into account spatial dependency across regions. By estimating a spatial Durbin model with regimes and fixed effects, we show that in a context of yardstick competition between regions, national subsidies are the only instrument that displays total leverage effect. For other instruments internal and external effects balance each other resulting in insignificant total effects. Structural breaks corresponding to tax credit reforms are also revealed.