Suchergebnisse

The world population has been growing tremendously, which surged up the demand and enrolment in educational institutions to unimaginable level globally. Similarly, Malaysia has witnessed tremendous growth in higher education both in the order and establishment of new higher education institutions (HEIs) to match up with the demand. However, there is no commensurate increase in the student housing facilities to match up with the growing enrolment and demand; hence, accommodate a certain proportion of the total students. The paper explored qualitative methodology data from in-depth expert interviews of selected public and private universities in Malaysia; discussed the problems of HEIs student housing provision to four identified themes: student enrolment, government policy, funding and land issues as what exacerbated the issues. Therefore, challenges for student housing provision are enormous; hence HEIs and Government cannot adequately respond and satisfy the demand unless private housing developers actively involved otherwise problems of student housing provision will continue to persist.

The research includes the preparation of ligand E-H, and it was identified by spectroscopic methods Infra Red IR, Nuclear magnatic Reasonance NMR, Mass spectra· It was also prepared from the ligand a complexes with copper (11) and characterized by Infra Red spectra. Central metals ions and Schif base coordinated via O and N donor sites which was observed from IR spectra. The liquid crystal characteristics of the ligand was studied using polarized optical microscope POM and the ligand is a liquid crystal by showed nematic phase only, while no liquid crystal phase was detected in the prepared complex, and it disintegrated at 250°C.

The influence of different types of plasmonic gold (Au-NPs) and silver (Ag-NPs) nanoparticles as well as aging on the performance of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) sensors were studied. The average diameters of Au-NPs and Ag-NPs were about 23 nm and 15 nm, respectively, with a number of laser pulses of about 200. plasmonic nanoparticles were synthesized by laser ablation process in distilled water using a fixed energy laser fluence of about 14 J/cm2 of Nd-YAG laser, with 1060 nm wavelength and 1 Hz pulse repetition rate. The SERS sensor was carried out by quick drop casting process of plasmonicplasmonic nanoparticles on glass substrates. The morphological aspects and the performance of SERS sensors were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. All the results indicated the significant dependence of the performance of the sensor on the types of the plasmonic nanoparticles . The obtained Raman signal intensity of Ag-NPs was about 105a.u. compared with 103a.u. for Au-NPs. While, the stability of Au-NPs was much higher than that of Ag-NPs based on SERS sensors due to the normal oxidation process of Ag-NPs.

Two types of monomers polyindole and poly m-aminophenol were used to prepare conducting copolymer with use FeCl3 as an initiator by using chemical polymerization. The prepared polymers were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermal analysis TGA. This study was included preparation of copolymers from both monomers in various ratios (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3, and 3:1) to study the effect of ratios on chemical and physical properties. Moreover, nano-metal oxide (TiO2) (10%) of the weight of the monomers was added to copolymers to synthesis composite polymers. Results of FTIR, SEM and EDX were proved the prepared compounds. TGA findings were showed that composites have remarkably increased of thermal stability. Finally, nano-composite polymers have applied as electrochemical sensor for (NH3) gas. Further, results display that the best sensitivity value is (24.12%) by using copolymer (1mA:3In) (without nano) with response time (7 seconds) and recovery time (3 seconds). Furthermore, results show that prepared nanocomposites have highly sensitive features with fast responses time even within a low concentration of ammonia gas at 25° C. The highest sensitivity value (79.14%), response time (3 seconds) and recovery time (3 seconds) was recorded when used nanocomposite titanium oxide (TiO2) at the ratio (1mA:3In).

OBJECTIVES: Government spending on social care in England reduced substantially in real terms following the economic crisis in 2008, meanwhile emergency admissions to hospitals have increased. We aimed to assess the extent to which reductions in social care spend on older people have led to increases in emergency hospital admissions. DESIGN: We used negative binomial regression for panel data to assess the relationship between emergency hospital admissions and government spend on social care for older people. We adjusted for population size and for levels of deprivation and health. SETTING: Hospitals and adult social care services in England between April 2005 and March 2016. PARTICIPANTS: People aged 65 years and over resident in 132 local councils. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome variable—emergency hospital admissions of adults aged 65 years and over. Secondary outcome measure—emergency hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) of adults aged 65 years and over. RESULTS: We found no significant relationship between the changes in the rate of government spend (£'000 s) on social care for older people within councils and our primary outcome variable, emergency hospital admissions (Incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.009, 95% CI 0.965 to 1.056) or our secondary outcome measure, admissions for ACSCs (IRR 0.975, 95% CI 0.917 to 1.038). CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence to support the view that reductions in government spend on social care since 2008 have led to increases in emergency hospital admissions in older people. Policy makers may wish to review schemes, such as the Better Care Fund, which are predicated on a relationship between social care provision and emergency hospital admissions of older people.

Abstract- This paper examines and analyses evidence pertaining to economic diversification in the six countries (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain) comprising the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) countries (2005_2017). The purpose of the paper is to test to what extent these countries have recognized the importance of economic diversification in the process of the supply chain of government revenue and hence what are the measures adopted aiming at improving government revenue. Based on the evidence, the paper goes on to identify the determinants of economic diversification in the GCC countries. This paper uses recent growth theories and statistical techniques to empirically test for the association between economic diversification and supply chain of government revenue from the point of contribution from GDP in the GCC countries. Results obtained from data analysis indicate a strong relationship between economic diversification and supply chain of government revenue in the panel of the GCC. This result supports the endogenous growth hypothesis; at least for this group of countries. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries share specific structural economic features. They depend heavily on the hydrocarbon sector, which was reflected in key macroeconomic indicators in 2014, as accounts for high budget receipts at 84 percent and approximately 69 percent of total GCC exports. Despite the huge accumulated financial surplus and the GCC governments investment in their economies, outcomes have fallen short of targets set out in their national visions, while the challenges of economic diversification persist. The overarching focus will be on the challenges of diversification in terms of strategic planning, policy-making, implementation, and global best practices. This study is expected to critically evaluate the current diversification strategies and underline some key assumptions that could lead, at a later stage, to the development of a new mode of diversification in the GCC context.

An AD HOC Mobile network is a collection of nodes that can be freely, and without any network infrastructure, communicate with each other via radio frequencies. Easy implementation, establishment and infrastructureless make AD HOC network to play an important role in various area such as military, emergency, natural disasters, urban campus, etc. Nowadays, development of wireless networks, as well as, information security requirement is growing rapidly. Wireless network security is one of the most important research topics. In this work, the analyze of Gateway Routing Protocol(GRP) and security of this routing protocol is discussed. GRP is selected for this study. In the paper the effect of the Wormhole and black hole attack in GRP routing protocol will be investigated and diagnosing and solution is provided for this type of attack. GRP is a proactive protocol and uses quadrants for fuzzy routing. This controls the amount of flooding done by GRP.

We analyzed data on non-fatal occupational injuries reported to Malaysia's social security organization from 2002 to 2006. There was a decrease in both the absolute number and the incidence rates of these injuries over time. About 40% of cases occurred in the manufacturing sector followed by the service (17%) and trading (17%) sectors. The agriculture sector reported the highest incidence rate (24.1/1,000), followed by the manufacturing sector subcategories of wood-product manufacturing (22.1/1,000) and non-metallic industries (20.8/1,000). Men age 40 to 59 and persons of Indian ethnicity had a greater tendency to sustain injuries. Government and non-governmental organizations should strive to develop strategies to reduce the occupational injuries targeting vulnerable groups. Enforcement of safety measures will further play an important role to ensure that both employees and employers take special precautions to address workplace hazards.