Suchergebnisse

" Circuits et réseaux se trouvent dominés régulièrement par des groupes tenaces qui se les approprient et en interdisent l'exploitation aux autres, le cas échéant. » Cette réflexion de Fernand Braudel s'est trouvée au coeur des préoccupations d'un séminaire qui s'est tenu àl'Institut universitaire européen de Florence pendant l'année 2001-2002, dont le but était de relire les deux grands ouvrages de Fernand Braudel. Quelles sont les idées, les suggestions, les hypothèses qui, dansLa Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l'époque de Philippe IIcomme dansCivilisation matérielle, économie et capitalisme, continuent àoffrir d'utiles points de référence pour explorer certains des thèmes centraux dans les domaines que Braudel avait privilégiés ? Et comment cet exercice peut-il contribuer àune nouvelle approche de l'histoire globale de l'Europe moderne ?

Rena Molho,
The Jewish community in Greece during the 20th century
The Jewish presence in the Greek peninsula has been considerable, notably with the biggest Jewish city in Europe, Salonika, where a significant part of the Spanish Jews settled after their expulsion from Spain in the 15th century. Under their impetus, Salonika, then part of the Ottoman Empire, became the greatest economic centre in the Balkans. However, this prosperous, dynamic and cultivated society could not resist national pressures. Immediately it was conquered by Greece in 1912, Jewish Salonika — and by extension the other Jewish communities in Greece— went into decline, victim of the loss of its hinterland and the desire for Hellenization. Strongly affected, moreover, by the great fire of 1917, the Jewish comminuity of Salonika was already seriously weakened before the Germans wiped it out during the Second World War. Currently there is very little Jewish presence left in Greece.

The dominant explanation of spatial unemployment in the literature assumes that workers must live in an area in order to be able to access job offers. This gives rise to 'compensating variations' in local wages and unemployment. However, for many occupations search is clearly conducted over longer distances from a home base. In the model presented in this paper, migration and unemployment are analysed both when the optimal search field is local, as in the traditional model, and when search is conducted over longer distances. I compare equilibria in these two regimes, and discuss the implications for regional policy.

Α study of five cases of Sephardic Jews who settled in the Eastern Mediterranean, and whose lives spanned the midsixteenth to the early twentieth centuries, allows one to identify among them an attitude of skepticism toward authority, whether religious or political. This sceptical tradition often placed these Jews in conflict not only with Christian authorities, but also with rabbis and other conserνative Jews. In more recent times, this skeptical attitude was translated into a disenchantment and suspicion of nationalisms of all sorts, including Zionism. ; Η εργασία αυτή εξετάζει πέντε περιπτώσεις Εβραίων που ε­γκαταστάθηκαν στην Ανατολική Μεσόγειο και των οποίων οι ζωές εκτείνονται από τα μέσα του δέκατου έκτου ως τις αρχές του εικοστού αιώνα. Οι ιστορίες τους μας επιτρέπουν να εντοπίσουμε μια συμπεριφορά σκεπτικισμού προς την εξου­σία, είτε αυτή είναι θρησκευτική είτε πολιτική. Αυτή η παρά­δοση σκεπτικισμού συχνά έφερε αυτούς τους Εβραίους σε α­ντιπαράθεση όχι μόνο με τις Χριστανικές αρχές, αλλά και με τους ραββίνους και με άλλους συντηρητικούς Εβραίους. Σε πιο πρόσφατες εποχές, αυτή η σκεπτικιστική συμπεριφορά μεταφράστηκε σε απογοήτευση και καχυποψία προς κάθε εί­δος εθνικισμού, συμπεριλαμβανομένου και του Σιωνισμού.

Sets out a version of a standard conjectural‐variations oligopoly model,
and investigates the properties of that model with respect to the
effects of entry. Shows within this context that entry unambiguously
reduces incumbents′ margins and output, while raising industry output.
Also shows that higher degrees of collusion in an industry may induce
entry at increased levels of output.

Whilst local pay differentials lie at the heart of most models of local labour markets, not enough is known about the size and trends of such differentials in Great Britain. This study is based on a new data set, derived from Inland Revenue and Department of Social Security statistics, for a 1 per cent sample of National Insurance records. The information was available at the detailed Local Labour Market Area level annually from 1975-76 to 1987-88, disaggregated by sex, age, industry and (for women) marital status. The data showed a marked widening of local pay differentials in the late 1980s. Much of the cross-sectional variation reflected a differential between Greater London and the rest of the country (partly reflected in house prices). The trend towards increasing local pay differentials over time was still in evidence, however, even when labour markets in the South East were excluded from the sample.