Suchergebnisse

The article presents synthetically the issue of changes in the international energy markets and their political implications. The analysis embraces the essence and consequences of the "shale gas revolution" for the U.S. and the international energy markets, particularly taking into consideration the impact of the "shale gas revolution" on the oil price. The prognosticated decrease of the U.S. request for the imported oil and natural gas will affect the decision of the exporting states regarding the scale of extraction and direction of delivery/export. The oversupply of oil and unconventional gas might rise the pressure on their price reduction in the international markets, thus enfeeble the political signifi cance of the OPEC, especially Saudi Arabia, as well as jeopardize the position of Russia as the "energetic power". Moreover, the article broaches the matter of development of the liquefied natural gas production, in particular the possibility of LNG's export by the United States. In the geopolitical dimension it might result in the increase of the negotiation strength of the new extraction regions and the change of the current power balance. Key words: the international energy markets, the political implications, "shale gas revolution", LNG

The aim of the article is to synthetically present Poland's stance towards the challenges regarding the EU's climate and energy policy in the second decade of the 21st century. In the first part of the article the conditions, main goals and directions of Poland's energy policy as well as climate protection policy have been discussed. The prognoses of energy and fuel demands concerning the year 2030 have been presented as well. In the second part of the article difficulties and restrictions concerning the necessity of Poland's adaptation to the EU's energy and climate package demands has been presented that is restriction in greenhouse gases emissions and in development of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption. The current energy and climate package exerts influence on trends in development of energy sector and puts Poland to the test of technical and socio-economic type. In the third part of the article basic elements of Poland's stance towards European energy and climate policy involving suggestions of transition to a low emission economy (raising the goal of the EU's greenhouse gases reduction through 2050 to 20%), increase in share of the renewable energy sources in total EU's energy consumption going beyond established 20% to 2020 as well as reform concerning European system of emissions trade EU–ETS. Proposals and actions that Poland had yet undertaken within the EU were also discussed in the paper. Controversies as to implementation of the energy and climate package, which indirectly influence Poland's image as a state blocking activities for climate protection, are not insignificant for the current Poland's stand on the EU's energy and climate policy in the medium to long term. The paper ends with conclusions together with recommendations. Undoubtedly, the biggest challenge for Poland is still an integrated approach to energy and environmental protection policies manifesting in transition to a low emission economy parallel to improving energy supply security. For working out Polish negotiating position at the EU's level that could enhance our role, it is essential to prepare energy strategy in medium and long term that would show both the potential of reduction in greenhouse gases emission, increase in renewable energy sources share and constraint which Poland will have to face.

Artykuł przedstawia problem bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Unii Europejskiej w kontekście Partnerstwa Wschodniego, którego celem jest rozwój relacji między UE a krajami Europy Wschodniej i Kaukazu Południowego, w tym także zacieśnienie współpracy w dziedzinie energii. W opracowaniu uwzględnione zostały podstawowe elementy bilansu energetycznego UE i poszczególnych krajów członkowskich, szlaki transportu surowców energetycznych oraz główne wyzwania zaopatrzenia UE w surowce energetyczne. Omówiono także wpływ Rosji na możliwości współpracy energetycznej UE z państwami objętymi Partnerstwem Wschodnim. ; The article describes the problem of energy security in the EU in the context of Eastern Partnerships, whose aim is the development of relationships between the EU and Eastern European and Southern Caucasus countries, including strengthening cooperation in energy security. The study includes basic elements of the EU energy balance sheets and member states, as well as energy resource transportation routes and main challenges faced in order to supply the European Union with energy resources. Moreover, the issue of Russia's infl uence on the possibilities of EU and Eastern Partnership countries energy cooperation is briefl y discussed. ; В статье рассмотрена проблема энергетической безопасности Европейского Со- юза в контексте Восточного партнёрства, целью которого является развитие сотрудничества между ЕС и государствами Восточной Европы и Кавказа, в том числе развитие сотрудничества в сфере энергетики. Автор обращает внимание на основные аспекты энергетического баланса ЕС и отдельных стран-членов союза, пути транзита энергоресурсов и главные проблемы снабжения ЕС энергоресурсами. Представлен также анализ влияния России на возможности со- трудничества в области энергетики ЕС с государствами приглашенными к учас- тию в Восточном партнёрстве.