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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- 1 The EU ETS: The Pioneer-Main Purpose, Structure and Features -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Current EU ETS Legislative Framework -- 1.3 EU ETS Purpose and Scope -- 1.4 The Actors of the EU ETS: The Duties of the Operators and of the Participating States and the Sanctions Against Non-compliant Operators -- 1.5 Allocation Regime and Validity of the European Union Allowances -- 1.5.1 General Rules for Allocation of EUAs -- 1.5.2 The EU-Wide Cap for Stationary Installations and for Aircraft Operators -- 1.5.3 The Allocation Rules for EUAs to Stationary Installations -- 1.5.4 The Benchmarks and the Special Regime for Manufacturing and Risk of Carbon Leakage -- 1.6 The New Entrants Reserve (NER) and the NER300 Programme -- 1.7 Article 27 of the EU ETS Directive: The Exclusion of Small Installations -- 1.8 The Auctioning Regime -- 1.8.1 The Rules on Timing, Administration and Other Aspects of the Auctioning of GHG Emission Allowances According to EC Directive 2003/87 and EC Regulation 1031/2010 -- 1.8.2 The Auction Revenues -- 1.9 The Union Registry -- 1.10 Carbon Pricing -- 1.11 Incentives to Eco-Innovation and Technological Effectiveness -- 1.12 Back-Loading and Proposals for Other Structural Reforms of the EU ETS -- References -- 2 California, RGGI, Quebec: The Followers -- 2.1 The California Cap and Trade Scheme -- 2.1.1 Introduction -- 2.1.2 The California ETS: Main Scope, Purpose, Structure and Features -- 2.1.3 Duties of the Covered Entities and Competences of the California Air Resource Board (CARB) Executive Officer -- 2.1.4 Sanctions Against Non-compliant Entities -- 2.1.5 The Allocation Regime of the California Allowances -- 2.1.5.1 Nature and Validity of the Compliance Instruments -- 2.1.5.2 The Regime for Offset Credits Under the California ETS.

This book provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the EU ETS, comparing the rapid spreading of ETSs in an increasing number of countries and the important role they are likely to play for the success or failure of the environmental policy in the years to come, with the other main ETSs existing worldwide from both the legal and economic perspectives, in order to assess whether the EU ETS has truly represented a prototype for the other ETSs established around the world and to investigate the current perspectives for linking them in the future. Through the years, the EU ETS has progressively gained a paramount position within the EU environmental policy and climate change legislation and currently represents the most striking flagship in this sector, with more than 11.000 installations covered by the scheme. In parallel, the EU ETS has paved the way for the establishment of many other ETSs in several other jurisdictions. Such schemes are now recognized worldwide as the?cornerstones? of the climate change policy.

This paper introduces some of the main concepts and findings of a research study concluded in 2020 for the European Economic and Social Committee on the introduction of an EU Charter for the Fundamental Rights of Nature as a core foundational piece of the EU legislative framework. In that study we introduced new legal concepts designed to implement the principles of Earth Jurisprudence within a modern legal context through reframing how rights are construed and held in society. Since publication, there have been other papers written criticising a rights of Nature approach within the EU context - largely based on assumptions derived from existing rights of nature legislation in other parts of the world, rather than the specifics of our proposal. This paper will summarise the main points and proposals of the Study and address some of the main points raised by the critics. ; Este articulo presenta algunos de los principales resultados de una investigación concluida en 2020 para el Comité Económico y Social Europeo sobre la introducción de una Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Naturaleza en el marco legislativo de la UE. En ese estudio introdujimos nuevos conceptos jurídicos diseñados para implementar los principios de la Earth Jurisprudence dentro de un contexto legal moderno a través de la reformulación de cómo los derechos son interpretados y mantenidos en la sociedad. Desde su publicación, otros informes han sido producidos, aún críticos respecto a nuestro enfoque, en gran parte basados en suposiciones derivadas de la legislación existente en otras partes del mundo, más que en los detalles de nuestra propuesta. Este documento resumirá los principales puntos y propuestas del Estudio y abordará algunas de las críticas principales.

Politica e diritto sembrano non essersi ancora del tutto accorte dello stato di emergenza ecologicain cui viviamo, sotto minaccia di estinzione come specie, che gli ecologisti ormai da tempo con forza denunciano. Scienza e diritto in questo campo faticano a dialogare. Il modello di governance ambientale cui gli ordinamenti internazionale e nazionali si ispirano è quello dello sviluppo sostenibile, del principio di precauzione e della limitazione del danno secondo gli standard tecnologici vigenti. Gli ecologisti ne segnalano le insufficienze. Un approccio ai problemi ambientali di tipo interdisciplinare e olistico è l'unica via per rendere veramente possibili un cambio di rotta. I contributi qui raccolti, presentati al convegno dal titolo omonimo svoltosi a Ravenna presso la Scuola di Giurisprudenza il 9 e 10 marzo 2017, rappresentano un primo tentativo di dialogo interdisciplinare alla ricerca di un nuovo paradigma giuridico di governo dell'ecosistema.