Suchergebnisse

D'après les théories sur l'entrepreneuriat des cadres intermédiaires dans les organisations privées, on sait que la position structurelle en réseau des cadres intermédiaires influence leur comportement innovateur au travail. Notre étude vise à déterminer si, dans un contexte gouvernemental, le comportement de réseautage infra-organisationnel des gestionnaires publics a une influence positive similaire sur le comportement innovateur au travail. Comme les mécanismes de réseautage peuvent dépendre du contexte particulier et des normes organisationnelles, nous étudions également l'influence des motivations du réseautage. Selon la recherche sur les réseaux sociaux dans les entreprises privées, les liens des réseaux sociaux peuvent servir à faire progresser les carrières individuelles. Selon les théories de la gestion publique et de la motivation de service public, les gestionnaires publics ont une orientation collective visant à produire des biens publics. Voilà pourquoi nous examinons si, à côté du réseautage infra-organisationnel, la motivation professionnelle individuelle ou la motivation collective pour le réseautage expliquent le comportement de travail innovateur. Dans une étude de cas sur les gestionnaires publics d'une municipalité de Mexico, nous constatons une forte influence du réseautage sur le comportement innovateur au travail. Nous observons aussi d'autres influences de motivations de carrière individuelles, mais aucun élément attestant de motivations collectives. Remarques à l'intention des praticiens Le travail en réseau infra-organisationnel des gestionnaires publics conduit à un comportement innovateur accru dans un cadre gouvernemental. En outre, lorsqu'elles visent à accroître les comportements innovants, les motivations professionnelles individuelles semblent avoir des effets positifs plus forts que les motivations collectives (telles que les motivations liées au travail en équipe).

From theories on middle managers' entrepreneurship in private organizations, it is known that the structural network position of middle managers influences their innovative work behavior. Our study investigates if in a governmental setting, the intra-organizational networking behavior of public managers has a similar positive influence on innovative work behavior. As networking mechanisms may depend on the particular context and organizational norms, we also investigate the influence of networking motivations. According to social network research in private enterprises, social network links can be used to advance individual careers. According to public management and Public Service Motivation theories, public managers have a collective orientation aimed at producing public goods. Therefore, we investigate if, next to intra-organizational networking, an individual career motive or a collective motivation for networking explains innovative work behavior. In a case study on public managers of a municipality in Mexico City, we find a strong influence of networking on innovative work behavior. We also find support for additional influences of individual career motives, but no evidence for collective motivations. Points for practitioners Intra-organizational networking of public managers leads to increased innovative behavior in a governmental setting. In addition, when aiming at increasing innovative behavior, individual career motives seem to have stronger positive effects than collective motivations (such as teamwork-related motivations).

The changes in the information technologies of the last two decades, represented by the democratization of the Internet and the availability of portable and intelligent handhelds, is associated with new business, communication and communicative models. The high service capacities of today's smartphones have enabled a two-way dynamic processing of great amounts of content. The users gather in virtual communities and become both consumers and producers of information: prosumers. These contents come from or are allocated in the cloud or other platforms, and spread rapidly through the net. In this paper, the evolution of information fluxes is analyzed in three phases of the Information Society or Net Society, and the theory around user-generated content and media convergence is discussed. Each phase is represented in a cyclical model articulating data dealing, the new roles of users and the impact of technology. On the basis of these models, news discourses and content may be anticipated for various purposes. A flow model based on algorithms determined by the personal preferences of users is finally proposed. ; Los cambios en las tecnologías de la información en las últimas décadas, representados por la democratización de Internet y la disponibilidad de las computadoras portátiles y dispositivos inteligentes están asociados con nuevos negocios y modelos comunicativos. La capacidad de los actuales teléfonos inteligentes facilita el procesamiento bidireccional y dinámico de grandes cantidades de contenidos. Los usuarios se agrupan en comunidades virtuales y se convierten en consumidores y productores: prosumidores. Estos contenidos se encuentran en la nube, en los medios de comunicación (plataformas), y se propagan rápidamente a través de la red. En este artículo se analiza la evolución de estos flujos de mensajes en el marco de las teorías que rodean el contenido generado por el usuario y la convergencia de medios. Se analiza también la naturaleza cíclica de la secuencia de datos, la evolución de los usuarios y la dependencia tecnológica para desarrollar y distribuir nuevos productos discursivos Se propone finalmente un modelo de flujos basado en algoritmos determinados por las preferencias personales de los usuarios.

Abstract
Bribery and other forms of petty corruption typically arise in bureaucratic encounters and are a common element of the everyday experience of the state in many countries, particularly in places with weak institutions. This type of corruption is especially troublesome because it creates direct costs for citizens when accessing services and benefits to which they are formally entitled. However, only a few studies deal with how situational attributes of bureaucratic interactions create incentives for citizens to pay bribes and opportunities for street-level bureaucrats to demand them. We contribute to filling this gap by providing evidence that administrative burdens increase the chance of bribery. We do so by analyzing the prevalence of (attempted) bribery in more than 63,000 interactions across 20 different types of bureaucratic encounters, ranging from paying taxes to accessing essential services, using multilevel logistic regression analysis. Our study contributes to understanding the possible consequences of administrative burdens and the factors conducive to petty corruption in specific citizen–state interactions.

AbstractThis study analyzes how adverse working conditions shape frontline workers' behavioral and cognitive coping mechanisms. It builds on the idea of frontline work as a precarious profession and explores how workers deal with associated challenges. Specifically, evidence is provided for factors associated with alienative commitment among frontline workers. We do so against the background of the 2020–2021 Mexican and Brazilian pandemic response by health workers, social workers, and police officers. Findings from our qualitative analysis show that they feel abandoned, vulnerable, and left to deal with the risks of the pandemic by themselves. In response, they tend to cognitively disconnect from their work and prioritize their own job survival. We contribute to the literature by showing how institutional factors over which street‐level bureaucrats have little control, such as resource scarcity, lack of job security and managerial support, and low trust by citizen‐clients, are fertile conditions for these coping patterns.

A technocratic pathway to public management reform stresses the need for committing sizeable resources to reform implementation. Building on an institutional framework, we argue that there are alternative pathways to compliant implementation for government agencies with limited resources. Our comparative study of 55 Mexican government agencies that were the object of the 2003 Civil Service Reform Act reveals the co‐occurrence of both technocratic and institutional pathways to compliant implementation. The common denominator across pathways in organizations with limited resources was the absence of strong oppositional norms (patronage) and the presence of robust interpersonal trust. We conclude that the role played by available resources in compliant reform implementation is far from straightforward, and depends on different combinations of public organizations' endogenous characteristics.

A technocratic pathway to public management reform stresses the need for committing sizeable resources to reform implementation. Building on an institutional framework, we argue that there are alternative pathways to compliant implementation for government agencies with limited resources. Our comparative study of 55 Mexican government agencies that were the object of the 2003 Civil Service Reform Act reveals the co-occurrence of both technocratic and institutional pathways to compliant implementation. The common denominator across pathways in organizations with limited resources was the absence of strong oppositional norms (patronage) and the presence of robust interpersonal trust. We conclude that the role played by available resources in compliant reform implementation is far from straightforward, and depends on different combinations of public organizations' endogenous characteristics.

Organisationen sind absichtlich erzeugte soziale Kontexte mit mehreren hierarchischen Ebenen. Die Interessen und Gelegenheitsstrukturen jeder Ebene überschneiden sich meist nicht. Wir schlagen vor, dass einer der Gründe, warum absichtliche Anstrengungen sozialen Wandels häufig ihre Ziele nicht erreichen, darin zu sehen ist, dass sie in Wettbewerb stehende soziale Mechanismen auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Hierarchie hervorrufen. Um dieses Argument darzustellen, werden die Folgen einer rechtzeitigen Mitteilung eines geplanten Wandels der Organisation auf den wahrgenommenen Erfolg der Reorganisation untersucht. Zwei konkurrierende Mechanismen werden spezifiziert und mit Daten eines telefonischen Survey aus dem Jahr 2003 bei einer Stichprobe von n = 412 niederländischen Geschäftsunternehmen untersucht, die eine Reorganisation vorgenommen haben. Der Commitment-Perspektive zufolge würde eine frühe Ankündigung der Reorganisation an das mittlere Management den Erfolg der Reorganisation erhöhen, weil es die Zustimmung erhöht und dem mittleren Management Mitwirkung erlaubt. Dem Einflussmechanismus zufolge würde eine frühe Information von Angestellten, die nicht auf der Managementebene beschäftigt sind, die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer erfolgreichen Reorganisation senken, weil es den Angestellten gestattet, die Information zu ihrem eigenen Vorteil zu verwenden, Strategien des Managements zu antizipieren und so einen Widerstand gegen die Pläne zu organisieren. Unsere Befunde zeigen, dass eine rechtzeitige Kommunikation mit dem mittleren Management in der Tat die Erfolgschancen erhöht, hingegen eine rechtzeitige Kommunikation mit den Angestellten mit einem Misserfolg der Reorganisation verbunden ist. Allerdings, wenn man die Angestellten gar nicht informiert, so hat dies noch einen stärkeren negativen Effekt auf den Erfolgt der Reorganisation. Schließlich fanden wir, dass die Stärke der negativen Effekte der Maßnahmen keinen Einfluss auf beide o. g. Mechanismen hat.

Proponents of new public management (NPM) expect public organizations to become more flexible and adaptive after administrative reforms, effectively showing convergence with patterns of organizational change in the private sector. This "convergence argument" is tested with a sample of 61 public and 61 private organizations in the Netherlands. We analyze whether public organizations, after 20 years of NPM reform, have changed their organizational structures and internal policies in relation to competitive, regulatory, and autonomy pressures, similarly to private organizations. Statistical analyses show that competition increases the incidence of change both in public and private organizations. High managerial autonomy and exposure to regulatory pressures relate to increased incidence of change in public organizations, but not in private ones. The results support the idea that NPM reform has made public organizations more similar to private organizations but that some concrete differences persist between private and public management in the Netherlands. Adapted from the source document.

La frontera colombo – venezolana en los últimos tiempos ha presentado una dinámica que ha sido poco usual, es así que con el cierre de la frontera en el 2015 y la reapertura de la misma en enero de 2023, deja a su paso eventualidades que en ocasiones transcienden los limites sociales, a raíz de lo que se vive en Venezuela las condiciones socioeconómicas se han visto afectada la población en general lo que ha ocasionado un diáspora migratorio que en un momento utilizo los pasos fronterizos irregulares llamados trochas y hoy día los puentes internacionales se han convertido en la puerta de salida de los venezolanos que buscan mejores condiciones de vida, algunos se quedan allí en la franja fronteriza, otros en el Norte de Santander – Colombia y otros con la mira en el sueño americano. Por lo tanto, el objetivo general recae en: Reflexionar sobre el aumento de matrícula en las instituciones de la ciudad de Cúcuta y su influencia en el proceso de enseñanza en educación básica. La metodología empleada se enmarca en un análisis documental, el cual trae consigo un cumulo de información que se convierte en base para establecer una forma y manera de comprender los efectos de la migración y el aumento de matrícula en las aulas de clase de las instituciones educativas de la franja fronteriza colombo – venezolana.