Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACTThe Russian invasion of Ukraine has led to the imposition of economic sanctions intended to isolate Russia from much of global commerce, which implicitly includes the medical research enterprise. The prospect of ongoing isolation of Russia's substantial research enterprise raises issues related to but distinct from the more familiar problem of corruption. In this paper, we identify reasons that the culture of research ethics in Russia may have been weak even before the war, contributing to hard questions about its future role in the global clinical research community.

ABSTRACTIn the midst of the Covid‐19 pandemic, ethicists, researchers, and journalists have recommended studies that deliberately infect healthy volunteers with the coronavirus as a scientific means of expediting vaccine development. In this essay, we trace the history of infection challenge experiments and reflect on the Nuremberg Code of 1947, issued in response to brutal human experiments conducted by Nazi investigators in concentration camps. We argue that the Code continues to offer valuable guidance for assessing the ethics of this controversial form of research, with respect particularly to the acceptable limits to research risks and the social value of research necessary to justify exposing human participants to these risks.

Preface; A. Bagheri, J. Moreno and S. Semplici -- Chapter One Globalizing Bioethics Through, Beyond and Despite Governments; Henk ten Have -- Chapter Two The UNESCO Universal Declarations: Paperwork or Added Value to the International Conversation on Bioethics? The example of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights; Michèle Stanton-Jean -- Chapter Three Twenty Years of the International Bioethics Committee: Achievements and Future Priorities; Nouzha Guessous -- Chapter Four The Universality of the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights; Richard Magnus -- Chapter Five Consent and Bioethics; Sheila A.M. McLean -- Chapter Six Global Bioethics as Social Bioethics; Stefano Semplici -- Chapter Seven Ethics and Traditional Medicine -- Emilio La Rosa Rodríguez Chapter Eight Biobanks: Balancing Benefits and Risks; Ewa Bartnik and Eero Vuorio -- Chapter Nine The Risk of Discrimination and Stigmatization in Organ Transplantation and Trafficking; Alireza Bagheri -- Chapter Ten Dust of Wonder, Dust of Doom: A Landscape of Nanotechnology, Nanoethics, and Sustainable Development; Fabio Salamanca-Buentello and Abdallah S. Daar -- Chapter Eleven The National Bioethics Committees and the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights: Their Potential and Optimal Functioning; Jean F. Martin -- Chapter Twelve The UNESCO International Bioethics Committee and the Network of Ethical Advisory Bodies in Europe: An Interactive Relationship; Christiane Druml -- Chapter Thirteen The Impact of the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee's Activities on Central and Eastern Europe; Olga Kubar and Jože Trontelj -- Chapter Fourteen Bioethics in Arab Region and the Impact of the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee; Sadek Beloucif and Mohamed S. Ben Ammar -- Chapter Fifteen The Impact of the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee on Latin America: Respect for Cultural Diversity and Pluralism; Claude Vergès, Delia Sánchez, Volnei Garrafa and Andrés Peralta -- Chapter Sixteen Bioethics Development in Africa: The Contribution of the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee; Monique Wasunna, Aïssatou Toure and Christine Wasunna -- Chapter Seventeen Bioethics in East Asia: Issues and Development; Myongsei Sohn -- Contributors -- Index .