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ABSTRACTCompanies are beginning to realize that simply storing data in warehouses and databases is not sufficient to ensure the usefulness of that data or information. As information is processed with a purpose (Ackoff & Emery, 1972), it becomes knowledge. Knowledge exists on many planes; one is the tacit‐explicit plane described by Polanyi (1966). Knowledge‐based applications are becoming a key factor in determining organizational value. For example, Activity‐Based Costing (ABC) and Knowledge Value Added (KVA) are two methodologies that organizations use to measure explicit knowledge. However, this interest in measuring and managing knowledge creates two important questions. First, do companies include tacit knowledge in their measurements of knowledge? Second, can educators demonstrate that they are helping increase tacit knowledge? This paper posits that companies may not be including the full range of knowledge in their endeavor to measure knowledge in their organizations. To help make a case for including tacit knowledge and implicit learning, an active learning exercise is created to demonstrate a method to quantify and test for changes in both types of knowledge. The results show that the activity created observable changes in explicit and tacit knowledge. Future research will need to concentrate further on understanding how the two types of knowledge interact. For now though, these results demonstrate one way to observe the two types of knowledge and more importantly, point out the need for organizations to find ways to value both implicit and explicit knowledge.

"This book explores the role and importance of interdisciplinary research in addressing key issues in climate and energy decision making. For over thirty years, an interdisciplinary team of faculty and students anchored at Carnegie Mellon University, joined by investigators and students from a number of other collaborating institutions across North America, Europe and Australia, have worked together to better understand the global changes that are being caused by both human activities and natural causes. This book tells the story of their successful interdisciplinary work. With each chapter written in the first person, the authors have three key objectives: 1 to document and provide an accessible account of how they have framed and addressed a range of the key problems that are posed by the human dimensions of global change; 2 to illustrate how investigators and graduate students have worked together productively across different disciplines and locations on common problems; and 3 to encourage funders and scholars across the world to undertake similar large-scale interdisciplinary research activities to meet the world's largest challenges. Exploring topics such as energy efficiency, public health, and climate adaptation, and with a final chapter dedicated to lessons learned, this innovative volume will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate change, energy transitions and environmental studies more broadly"--

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Part I: The Issue -- 1. Analysis, Governance, and the Need for Better Institutional Arrangements -- Part II: Background -- 2. Technical Advice for Congress: Past Trends and Present Obstacles -- 3. The Origins, Accomplishments, and Demise of the Office of Technology Assessment -- 4. Insights from the Office of Technology Assessment and Other Assessment Experiences -- 5. The European Experience -- Part III: Possible Institutional Models -- 6. Thinking about Alternative Models

Biological monitoring of exposure to chemicals in the workplace is an important component of exposure assessment and prevention of adverse health effects. It should be employed in conjunction with ambient air monitoring to provide information on the absorbed dose of a chemical agent and the effect of all routes of exposure. Judgments regarding the acceptable level of a chemical or its metabolite in biological samples are facilitated by comparison to a reference value. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has established a series of recommended reference values called the Biological Exposure Indices (BEI). The history and characteristics of the BEI are reviewed, and their suitability for use by occupational health specialists is examined. A number of challenges and stimuli to the continued development and improvement of these reference values are described, and the impact of recent advances in macromolecular biology is assessed.

Identifies shared interests and outlines actions which could improve bilateral relations. Demographic factors, promoting democracy, pluralism and secularism, regional security and global power balance, international drug traffic and terrorism, economics and trade, nuclear weapons and delivery systems, and relations with Pakistan.