Suchergebnisse

Resumen: La Edad Media hispana está marcada por la expansión de los reinos cristianos peninsulares sobre los territorios meridionales en manos del Islam. Para conseguir un dominio efectivo sobre ellos los monarcas buscaron repoblarlos con personas acostumbradas a la vida militar, por lo que otorgaron más privilegios a los mejor preparados para la guerra: los caballeros. Este es el origen de una nueva clase social, los caballeros villanos, quienes disfrutaban de prebendas típicas de la nobleza pero sin tener esa condición. Esta élite llegó a poseer una superioridad social, económica y política que les permitió estar por encima de sus convecinos y hacerse con el control del gobierno de los enclaves de la frontera. A lo largo de este trabajo se estudia la caballería villana en el Teruel bajomedieval (ss. XIII-XV), para lo cual se analizan los distintos aspectos que marcaron su superioridad, y cómo supieron emplearlos para dominar el municipio. Abstract The spanish Middle Ages was determined by the expansion of the Christian realms over the southern territories, which belong to the Islam. To get an effective control over them the kings seek for settlers who were used to military life, so they give more privileges to those more prepared for war: the horsemen. This is the origin of a new social class, the caballeros villanos, who possessed the perks of the nobles but without that title. These elite managed to hold a social, economical and political superiority which let them to be above other dwellers and hoard the government of the frontier communities. Over this essay the non noble knights of Teruel in the Late Middle Age (ss. XIII-XV) are studied, analyzing the different aspects of their superiority, and how they were able to use them to rule the town.

Resumen: En este artículo se presenta el diseño y los primeros resultados de una investigación que se extiende hasta 2016 y que tiene como finalidad la optimización de la adecuación de las enseñanzas superiores de danza a los protocolos de evaluación de la educación superior en el Estado español, con el fin último de garantizar la calidad y el ajuste de estas enseñanzas al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). En esta primera fase de la investigación, 2014-2015, se ha realizado una aproximación legislativa a las enseñanzas de danza, con especial incidencia en los estudios superiores de danza y además, se ha procedido a identificar los distintos perfiles y categorías del personal docente. ; Abstract: This article presents the design and initial results of a research that extends to 2016 and aims to optimize the adaptation of dance in higher education to the evaluation procedures of the higher education at the Spanish universities, pursuing the consonance with the quality standards of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). In this first phase of the research, 2014-2015, a legislative approach to dance studies together with the identification of the different profiles of teachers have been done.

[ES] This work shows the model used for resecuencing on a model mix assembly line where a warehouse with parallel line configuration is used to resequalise and minimise the violation of mounting line restrictions. This work has been carried out thanks to support DPI2010-18243 from the Spanish Government's Ministry of Science and Innovation as part of the non-targeted Fundamental Research Projects Programme, entitled 'Coordination of operations in supply/demand networks adjusted, resilient to uncertainty: models and algorithms for the management of uncertainty and complexity". This work has also been partly financed from the DPI2011-27633 project and the title "Programming of production in synchronised multi-stage supply chains with assembly/dismantling with constant product renewal in an innovation context" Valero-Herrero, M.; Molina Morte, P. (2013). Dynamic CSP: A dynamic algorithm for resecuencing in a parallel line warehouse. Working Papers on Operations Management. 4 (1): 23-33. https://doi.org/10.4995/wpom.v4i1.1234 ; 23 33 4 1 ; [ES] This work shows the model used for resecuencing on a model mix assembly line where a warehouse with parallel line configuration is used to resequalise and minimise the violation of mounting line restrictions. This work has been carried out thanks to support DPI2010-18243 from the Spanish Government's Ministry of Science and Innovation as part of the non-targeted Fundamental Research Projects Programme, entitled 'Coordination of operations in supply/demand networks adjusted, resilient to uncertainty: models and algorithms for the management of uncertainty and complexity". This work has also been partly financed from the DPI2011-27633 project and the title "Programming of production in synchronised multi-stage supply chains with assembly/dismantling with constant product renewal in an innovation context" Valero-Herrero, M.; Molina Morte, P. (2013). Dynamic CSP: A dynamic algorithm for resecuencing in a parallel line warehouse. Working Papers on Operations Management. 4 (1): ...

El pdf del artículo es la versión de autor. ; Thyroid hormone influences brain maturation through interaction with nuclear receptors and regulation of gene expression. Their role on astrocyte maturation remains unclear. We have analyzed the role of thyroid hormone in rat cerebellar astrocyte maturation by comparing the sequential patterns of intermediate filament expression in normal and hypothyroid animals. During normal development astroglial cells sequentially express nestin, vimentin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Differentiated astrocytes appeared in the superior medullary vellum by postnatal day 2 and reached the white mater and internal granular layer by postnatal day 4. Intermediate filament marker expression was transiently lost from postnatal days 6 to 8 in anterior lobes, without an increased apoptosis. Vimentin expression was replaced by glial fibrillary acidic protein between postnatal days 10 and 32. The differentiated astrocytes were evenly distributed throughout the cerebellar slices, including the internal granular layer. Differences between normal and hypothyroid rats were observed starting from postnatal day 4, with lack of differentiated astrocytes in the internal granular layer. The transient decrease of astrocyte markers immunoreactivity in the anterior lobe did not take place in hypothyroid rats. The vimentin-glial fibrillary acidic protein transition was delayed and most differentiated astrocytes remained confined to the white matter. The results indicate that thyroid hormone deficiency induces a delay and a partial arrest of astrocyte differentiation. Astrocytes express thyroid hormone receptor α and β subtypes suggesting that astrocytes are direct target cells of thyroid hormones. © 2007 ISDN. ; This work was supported by grants from Ministry of Science and Technology BFU2005-01740 and the European Union Integrated Project CRESCENDO (LSHM-CT-2005-018652). ; Peer Reviewed

Physical environment planning has got as priority objectives the application of a preventive policy capable to avoid the deteriorated environment. The preservation of environmental quality spaces supposes the cration of legal protection figures to guarantee its functional management. The political posture has changed during the history with economical criteria and influenced by cultural aspects and scientific evolution in the environmental knowledge. The apparition of the «microreserves of flora» in «Comunidad Valenciana» (mediterranean east coast of Spain) responds to a new stategy in the prtection matter based on scientific and ecological criteria as well as a daring and novel measure of European Community with scarcely precedents. Worthwhile to examine from a geographic point of view the creation of a pioneering net of microreserves by Species Protection Service of «Generalitat Valenciana» (Autonomous Government, Valencia- Spain) in order to evaluate the territorial implications. ; La planificación del medio físico tiene, entre sus objetivos prioritarios, la aplicación de una política preventiva, capaz de evitar el deterioro del medio ambiente. La preservación de espacios de calidad ambiental lleva consigo la creación de figuras de protección dotadas de un cuerpo legal que asegura su gestión funcional. La actitud política, al respecto, ha variado a lo largo de la historia, impuesta por criterios económicos e influida por aspectos culturales y por la propia evolución científica en el conocimiento del medio ambiente. La aparición de las microrreservas de flora en la Comunidad Valenciana responde a una nueva estrategia en materia de protección, basada en criterios científicos y ecológicos, siendo, además, una medida atrevida y novedosa de la Comunidad Europea, con escasos precedentes. Merece la pena examinar, desde un punto de vista geográfico, la creación de una red pionera de microrreservas por parte del Servicio de Protección de Especies de la Generalitat Valenciana, con el fin de evaluar las implicaciones ...

The e-government requires citizens that have a certain level of digital skills. Contact restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the digital transformation of Public Administration in most countries and has increased the social digital divide. Therefore, the training of citizens in digital competences is one of the main challenges of the knowledge society. This mixed-methods systematic review protocol aims to synthesize quantitative and qualitative findings about conditioning factors of digital inclusion, in a multidimensional perspective, related with the education, healthcare and welfare sectors and the political actions involved to improve the digital competences of citizenship for allowing and enhancing their interactions with these online public services. The protocol has been written following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. Nine databases including Web of Science, Scopus, Educational Resources Information Center Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA), ProQuest, MEDLINE, PubMed, SocINDEX and Cairn.info will be searched for peer-reviewed empirical studies published from 2011 or later. Grey literature and citation chaining will be undertaken. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies will be included. Data items will be extracted and coded in a standardized format. A convergent segregated approach to synthesis and integration will be used. The results will be of interest to educational policymakers who want to take into account citizens'' digital skills in the design of online services and lifelong learning programs.

7 páginas, 4 figuras.-- et al. ; Thyroid hormones influence brain development through the control of gene expression. The concentration of the active hormone T-3 in the brain depends on T-3 transport through the blood-brain barrier, mediated in part by the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (Mct8/MCT8) and the activity of type 2 deiodinase (D2) generating T-3 from T-4. The relative roles of each of these pathways in the regulation of brain gene expression is not known. To shed light on this question, we analyzed thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression in the cerebral cortex of mice with inactivated Mct8 (Slc16a2) and Dio2 genes, alone or in combination. We used 34 target genes identified to be controlled by thyroidhormone in microarray comparisons of cerebral cortex from wild-type control and hypothyroid mice on postnatal d 21. Inactivation of the Mct8 gene (Mct8KO) was without effect on the expression of 31 of these genes. Normal gene expression in the absence of the transporter was mostly due to D2 activity because the combined disruption of Mct8 and Dio2 led to similar effects as hypothyroidism on the expression of 24 genes. Dio2 disruption alone did not affect the expression of positively regulated genes, but, as in hypothyroidism, it increased that of negatively regulated genes. We conclude that gene expression in the Mct8KO cerebral cortex is compensated in part by D2-dependent mechanisms. Intriguingly, positive or negative regulation of genes by thyroid hormone is sensitive to the source of T3 because Dio2 inactivation selectively affects the expression of negatively regulated genes. ; This work was supported by the Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases; Grants SAF2008-01168 and SAF2008-00429E from the Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain; the European Union Integrated Project CRESCENDO (LSHM-CT-2005-018652) Grants DK15070, DK07011, and DK20595 from the National Institutes of Health; and the Sherman family. A.C. is the holder of a predoctoral fellowship from the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain. ; Peer reviewed

6 pages, 6 figures. ; Thyroid hormones have important actions in the developing central nervous system. We describe here a novel action of thyroid hormone and its nuclear receptors on maturation of cerebellar gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons from their precursor cells. In rats, the density of GABAergic terminals in the cerebellum was decreased by hypothyroidism, as shown by immunohistochemistry for the GABA transporter GAT-1. This was due, at least partially, to a decreased number of GABAergic cells, because the number of Golgi II cells in the internal granular layer was decreased. GABAergic interneurons in the cerebellum differentiate from precursors expressing the Pax-2 transcription factor, generated in the subventricular zone of the embryonic fourth ventricle from where they migrate to the cerebellum. Hypothyroidism caused both decreased proliferation and delayed differentiation of precursors, with the net effect being an accumulation of immature cells during the neonatal period. The contribution of thyroid hormone receptors was studied by treating hypothyroid rats with T(3) or with the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) beta-selective agonist GC-1. Whereas treatment with T(3) reduced the number of precursors to control levels, GC-1 had only a partial effect, indicating that both TRalpha1 and TRbeta mediate the actions of T(3). Deletion of TRalpha1 in mice decreased cerebellar GAT-1 expression and Pax-2 precursor cell proliferation. It is concluded that thyroid hormone, acting through the nuclear receptors, has a major role in the proliferation and further differentiation of the Pax-2 precursors of cerebellar GABAergic cells. ; This work was supported by Grants BFU2005-01740 from the Ministry of Education and Science and the European Union Integrated Project CRESCENDO (LSHM-CT-2005-018652). ; Peer reviewed

The risk of forest fires in areas of wildland urban-interface (WUI.) is increasing due to the increase in urbanized areas and the progressive abandonment of traditional farming and forest uses. The global increase in catastrophic episodes in regions with a Mediterranean climate is worrying. Resilient towns and villages have given way to extensive and scattered residential estates that are in contact with forest fuel. These changes in the landscape when added to those of the climate, increase the danger of what some call 'igneous storms'. The risk in many areas has increased greatly in the last few decades. It is necessary to limit the growing exposure to this type of risk – and geographical information resources are essential for determining the territorial magnitude of the problem. Official libraries offering remote sensing data or geographical databases on land use and land cover (LULC) may be the best option (although accessing this data is complex for many end users). This research proposes identifying areas exposed to fire risk in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) through the automated integration of massive data from official geographic information sources. The application of this study to the region of Valencia (Spain) shows that the integration of these official sources of geographical information can achieve the objective at a detailed scale with relatively short processing times and for large geographical areas (approximately 8 h required to process about 70 Gb of LIDAR data). Geo Small Data techniques for the process of large datasets and its application to the objective of the study have been the best way to automate the analysis of lidar point clouds, with more than 5 billion echoes, through the use of free and open tools, containerization technologies, parallel processing and specific python libraries for geospatial data management. The LIDAR data has provided the necessary geometric definition to complement and improve the WUI area map from the reclassification of hundreds of thousands of polygons from the official Spanish land use geodatabase (SIOSE), achieving a map scale of more than 1: 25,000, for its part, the quality of the SIOSE geodatabase has allowed us to reduce the total LIDAR data to process by 97.8%. ; This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project SIOSE-INNOVA - CSO 2016-79420-R AEI/FEDER.UE) and the methodology has been developed by the project research team. The cartographic result has been collected in an unpublished work that has been awarded the XII Edition 'Pare Tosca' Cartography Prize of the Valencian Government (Valencian Cartographic Institute - ICV).

SIG-UA is a research project on applied Geography intended for the elaboration and exploitation of a geographic information system (GIS) for the spaces and infraestructures management of the University of Alicante (Spain). The main aim is to show how the graphic contemplation of the information which is kept in database, that is, its cartographic representation, it is the most effective way to understand and make use of territorial action strategies. These advantages are improved when they are used together with another interesting way of database consulting, namely, the HTTP in a intranet with TCP-IP protocol. To sum up, in order to control the property assets in a suitable way, both in private enterprises, state bodies and organs of the government, the WEB servers of GIS applicationes may become an oustanding choice. ; SIG-UA es un proyecto de investigación de Geografía aplicada destinado a la elaboración y puesta en explotación de un sistema de información geográfica (SIG) para la gestión de espacios e infraestructuras de la Universidad de Alicante. El objetivo es demostrar cómo la contemplación gráfica de la información contenida en bases de datos, es decir, su representación cartográfica, es el medio más eficaz para comprender y utilizar estrategias de actuación territorial, ventajas que se ven potenciadas al ser usadas junto a otra forma muy sugerente de consulta de datos, los protocolos de transferencia de hipertextos en una red local de tipo corporativo. En apretada síntesis, los servidores WEB de aplicaciones SIG pueden estar llamados a convertirse en una extraordinaria opción para el control adecuado de los activos inmuebles, tanto en empresas privadas como en organismos públicos.