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This study is an attempt to develop a conceptual decision dynamics model in order to analyze the relationship between cost control and corporate governance. The model discusses why it is important to uphold the shareholders' interests and minimize the destructive events that usually occur in corporate cultures. This study argues that corporate governance must help retain the best interests of all the internal and external stakeholders and safeguard organizational resources from misuse, abuse, or practice of self-interests of the managers. It also argues that since protecting an organization's interest requires protecting the interests of all stakeholders, cost control by that organization should be well guided by the corporate governance principles in ways that provide strongest safeguard of interests of all those stakeholders. Thus, a sound corporate governance policy requires adopting the standards and mechanisms that would maximize stakeholders' financial and non-financial interests. This study concludes that cost control and corporate governance must operate in pragmatic ways in order to improve efficiency and foster capabilities of the organization and to protect simultaneously the interests of all the stakeholders.

AbstractGlobalisation is the economic policy of the integration of national economies with the global economy on the basis of free market competition. It is a neoliberal prescription for industrialisation and growth of the emerging economies of the South, and a project of capital accumulation for the capitalist North through a process of securing a disproportionate share of the benefits at the expense of the developing South. The content analysis and Malaysia's globalisation experience support the hypothesis that globalisation has great potential to contribute to the industrialisation and growth of emerging economies, while at the same time showing that the way it is practised indicates that it is a deceptive game of the North and cannot be entirely trusted to emancipate the developing economies. The paper suggests a policy of target-oriented 'inclusive globalisation' to ensure an equitable share of the benefits of specialisation and globalisation.

It is widely argued that industrial production contributes to the global greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in any countries whether industrialized or developing. This is mainly due to the industrial processes that combine scarce resources to produce tangible goods and intangible services. The industrial processes emit large amounts of CO 2 because of the two reasons. First, many manufacturing facilities directly use fossil fuels to create heat and steam needed at various stages of production. Second, energy intensive activities at the manufacturing facilities use more electricity than any other sector so the energy that they use is responsible for vast amounts of CO 2 emissions. Therefore, the per capita emissions in the industrialized countries are typically as much as ten times the average in the developing countries. Apparently, vast industrial activities are primarily thought to be responsible for such carbon emissions. There have been conducted a considerable number of studies forecasting industrial production and carbon emissions for the industrialized countries but no studies have thus far looked into this issue for the developing countries, most of which are primarily agriculture dependent. This study is thus an effort to forecast and analyze the causality and long run association between CO 2 emissions and industrial production using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Other econometric techniques, such as unit root test and Granger causality test have also been used to achieve the objective in a comprehensive and convincing way. The empirical results reveal for Bangladesh that there is no Granger causality between industrial production and CO 2 emission in any direction. The results from VECM reveal for Bangladesh that any disequilibrium between CO 2 emission and industrial production could take approximately 54 years to converge to the long-run equilibrium. But the adjustment rate for the country's industrial production is positive, as it should be, as well as relatively faster at the rate of 83 percent a year. So any disequilibrium will be corrected mostly by the adjustment in the country's industrial production. The study concludes that the current CO 2 emissions in Bangladesh are below the equilibrium level, which is an advantageous situation for the country. Therefore, it is expected that the Bangladesh's industrial sector will not face stricter CO 2 emission controlling policies and regulations in the near future.

The key objective of this empirical study is to determine and analyze the demographic, attitudinal and behavioral factors that could significantly correlate with international visitors' interest in the Best International Show, which had taken place at the Hong Kong Arts Festivals. A total of 129 samples were drawn randomly from both the male and female international visitors, who participated in that international arts and festival show in Hong Kong. The study used paired samples t -test and descriptive statistics as analytical techniques to achieve the key objective. The estimated correlation coefficients obtained through t -test and the corresponding levels of significance reveal that Latvian National Opera: Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk and Northern Sinfonia and Chorus are the two most attractive show performances, which have been positively as well as significantly (P≤0.05) correlated with international visitors' interest in the Best International Show. Interestingly, as confirmed by the paired samples t -test, no demographic factors of the international visitors were found to be correlated with their interest in the Best International Show. Thus, policies and strategies, which will promote and improve the quality of the above two show performances, are to be taken in order to attract more international visitors to the Best International Show. While the main limitation of this study lies in the use of a small sub-set of samples, future research could overcome this by interviewing a large number of international visitors.