Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- PART I DRUG ABUSE IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD -- 1 Clyde B. McCoy, H. Virginia McCoy, Shenghan Lai, Zhinuan Yu, Xue-ren Wang and Jie Meng (2001), 'Reawakening the Dragon: Changing Patterns of Opiate Use in Asia, with Particular Emphasis on China's Yunnan Province', Substance Use and Abuse, 36, pp. 49-69. -- 2 Irene Kuo, Salman Ul-Hasan, Tariq Zafar, Noya Galai, Susan G. Sherman and Steffanie A. Strathdee (2007), 'Factors Associated with Recent-Onset Injection Drug Use Among Drug Users in Pakistan', Substance Use and Misuse, 42, pp. 853-70. -- 3 Sarah Dewing, Andreas Plüddemann, Bronwyn J. Myers and Charles D.H. Parry (2006), 'Review of Injection Drug Use in Six African Countries: Egypt, Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria, South Africa and Tanzania', Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 13, pp. 121-37. -- 4 Ladislav Csemy, Pavia Lejčková and Petr Sadilek (2007), 'Substance Use among Czech Adolescents: An Overview of Trends in the International Context', Journal of Drug Issues, 37, pp. 119-32. -- 5 Kimberley C. Brouwer, Patricia Case, Rebeca Ramos, Carlos Magis-Rodriguez, Jesus Bucardo, Thomas L. Patterson and Steffanie A. Strathdee (2006), 'Trends in Production, Trafficking, and Consumption of Methamphetamine and Cocaine in Mexico', Substance Use and Misuse, 41, pp. 707-27. -- 6 Andreas Plüddemann, Charles D.H. Parry, Bronwyn Myers and Arvin Bhana (2004) , 'Ecstasy Use in South Africa: Findings from the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use (SACENDU) Project (January 1997-December 2001)', Substance Use and Misuse, 39, pp. 87-105

A standard typology of drug trafficking organizations would assist in interpreting the results of studies made of these organizations. Several such typologies have been proposed, and this study examines a widely cited typology that was developed in the 1990s using New York City court data. The typology has two dimensions, organizational tasks and structure. It satisfactorily encompassed the trafficking organizations identified in two new samples: 39 organizations prosecuted in New York City in 1997-2007 and 50 organizations prosecuted during the same period by the Drug Enforcement Administration. The findings supported the generalizability of the typology. They also suggest that drug trafficking organizations adopt a structure congruent with their external environment, including the market for drugs, the type of drugs, ethnicity of those involved in distribution, use of technology in communication and distribution, and levels of law enforcement. Implications of fuller knowledge about the structure and functioning of drug trafficking organizations for research and policy are discussed.

Based on more than one thousand interviews with drug abusers in 1988 and 1989, the drug use patterns, selling behavior, and other crimes (robbery, burglary theft, etc.) of crack abusers are compared with those of heroin injectors, cocaine snorters, marijuana-only users, and nondrug users. Several striking differences in the frequency of crack use and dealing emerge among the various drug user types. Crack abusers were found to be using drugs at high rates and were receiving high incomes from drug sales and nondrug criminality. Among crack abusers, crack use greatly exceeded the cost and frequency of use of other specific drugs, which they were also consuming. For all user subgroups, crack selling was the most frequent crime and generated the largest cash income. Important patterns of polydrug use were found among most drug user groups. These findings have important implications for policies directed toward drug abusers.