Suchergebnisse

The issue of social justice is a fundamental issue of each era and has a great topical significance because it is posed together with human existence, associated with dreams and aspirations towards a nice and happy life. After all, the goal of economic growth is to serve people, the subject of development, fairly and progressively. Because "Humans, ultimately mastering their social existence, are also thereby mastering nature, mastering themselves, and becoming a free man" (Marx & Engels, 1995, p.333). It is further confirmed in the United Nations Human Development Report (1995) when it says: "what does development mean without regard to human life?". The purpose of economic development, after all, is only a means to serve human development. It is people who create conditions, seize opportunities, and turn them into a driving force to realize their development goals, which in turn will promote socio-economic development. In the process of international integration, Vietnam has actively implemented policies to achieve social justice and has achieved certain results, contributing to improving the living standards of all people. Certain limitations need to be addressed to realize social justice in all of social life. The article analyzes the viewpoints and practices of implementing social justice in Vietnam, thereby proposing solutions to effectively implement social justice in Vietnam today.

Received: 6 December 2022 / Accepted: 25 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

The Ede community in the Central Highlands, Vietnam has created famous epics, such as Dam san, Khing Ju, Xinh Nha, etc. These are oral works of art, the result of the past collective composition process, which is attached to and directly serves different activities in community life. The Ede epic is a literary genre with high integrity, in addition to its literary and linguistic value, it also contains precious documents about culture, history, ideology, and indigenous people. Based on the theory of the art of exaggeration, combining survey, statistics, and classification of sentences using the art of exaggeration in the epic Khing Ju of the Ede people in the Central Highlands, Vietnam, the article provides an overview of the model. exaggerated structural model in the Khing Ju epic, explaining the elements in the model, such as The element is exaggerated; Exaggerated aspect factor; Exaggerated relational factors; Magnifying factor; Magnified enlargement factor. Simultaneous analysis of objects participating in the exaggerated structure, such as people; animals, and plants; some objects in daily life. Thereby clarifying the value of the exaggeration method for the content of the work and expressing the cultural characteristics of the community.

Received: 10 January 2023 / Accepted: 25 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the collaborative practices of an English as an additional language (EAL) teacher and a content area teacher in meeting the needs of refugee students in a secondary science classroom. The study is based in Victoria, Australia. Drawing on a sociocultural perspective on mediated teacher work, the study gathered qualitative data primarily through two group interviews with the teachers in the middle and at the end of the school term. A secondary source of data includes relevant documents namely teaching materials, students' work, and teachers' notes. Content analysis of data shows two broad collaborative practices, including joint lesson planning and resources development and joint teaching. These collaborative practices were found to create structured mediational spaces that enabled them to effectively work together to meet the needs of refugee EAL students in their class. The study generates implications for content and EAL teachers in collaboratively addressing the needs of refugees in mainstream classrooms and for school leadership in supporting EAL and content teachers in this process.

ABSTRACTBased on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2018–19, this article analyses the changing composition of social protection on the ground in rural central Vietnam, including the recent spread of private life insurance among peasant families. The author uses the concept of portfolios of social protection to denote the emergence of an eclectic mix of measures to manage risks and to prepare for the future in the context of intensified perceptions of risks and the increasing privatization of care. Almost unheard of in this region just a few decades ago, private life insurance has come to be taken for granted by local people, many of whom are involved in precarious trajectories of transnational labour mobility. Underlying the rise of private life insurance in these rural communities is an uncertain process in which new prudentialist rationalities are domesticated into locally meaningful ideas of risk and care. In the context of hypermobility, such mutual entanglement makes it possible for global finance to turn the countryside into a new frontier. The article extends the Polanyian notion of double movement by showing the tendency of social protection to be reincorporated into the realm of the market.

This PhD research aimed to examine historical and present drivers of agricultural changes in the Mekong (MKD) and Red River (RRD) deltas in Vietnam since 1975 as well as explore adaptation pathways and resilience of agricultural systems facing increased salinity intrusion in these deltas. The research ultimately used the lens of complex adaptive systems theory to examine interactions and feedbacks in agricultural systems and their drivers of change at multiple levels in deltaic social-ecological systems. In addition, this study applied an adaptation pathway approach to identify various adaptation options and potential lock-ins in agricultural systems and the subjective resilience assessment method to quantify the resilience of agricultural systems in these deltas. Currently, the RRD is protected from salinity intrusion by a concrete sea dyke and sluicegate system. In the MKD, salinity is naturally happening as it is a tide-dominated delta and there are fewer protective structures in place. Case study research was carried out in villages located along salinity gradients in the MKD, and at different distances to sea dykes in the RRD in Vietnam. Empirical data consisted of 27 in-depth interviews with officials of local and national authorities as well as 11 focus group discussions, 198 semi-structured interviews, 226 structured-interviews and 3 role-playing games conducted with farmers in both deltas in 2015-2016. This study reveals that agricultural systems in the RRD and MKD since the end year of the war in 1975 have experienced considerable changes. The analysis of drivers of change and adaptation pathways shows that a dynamic interplay and feedback of various drivers of change such as policy intervention, farmers' desire for profit maximization, changing salinity conditions, and technological development at different levels of the deltaic social-ecological system have shaped the changes and adaptations in agricultural systems over the last decades. In response to increased salinity intrusion, as exemplified by the highest salinity levels in 90 years which were recorded in the MKD in 2015-2016, various adaptation options have been considered. These include adaptations that would lock-in agricultural production in particular agricultural systems or constrain changes in others, potentially problematic in light of the high uncertainty related to future changes. The study recognizes the need to apply both incremental and transformative changes and select adaptation pathways which allow for continuous change or that are reversible in order to avoid lock-ins and address future challenges. In addition, this study implemented a subjective resilience assessment method based on farmers' perception of the three resilience components i) the sensitivity of their agricultural systems to increased salinity intrusion, ii) the capacity to recover from salinity damage, and iii) the capacity to change to other systems if salinity increases in the future. Results from the subjective resilience assessment reveal that none of the agricultural systems received a higher score than the others when considering all three resilience components, implying that an increase in one resilience component by switching agricultural systems would negatively impact others. Improving resilience components (e.g. through policies and interventions, resource allocation and farming system changes) to sustain agricultural production or facilitate transformation to alternative systems when necessary is critically important for agricultural systems facing stress. For a methodological implication, this research emphasizes the need to complement subjective resilience assessment with qualitative data to enhance understandings of drivers of resilience in order to improve components of resilience for agricultural systems in the respective deltas. In summary, attention should be drawn to interactions and feedbacks in future changes within and across adaptation pathways as well as trade-offs involved in farming system shifts regarding resilience components. Consideration of this could contribute to preventing further increases in salinity intrusion and lock-in effects in agricultural systems in the deltas. ; Das Ziel der Arbeit ist historische und gegenwärtige Treiber für den Wandel der Landwirtschaft im Mekong Delta (MKD) und Red River Delta (RRD) in Vietnam zu identifizieren. Weiterhin sollen Anpassungspfade und die Widerstandsfähigkeit der landwirtschaftlichen Systeme im Hinblick auf die zunehmende Salzanreicherung in den beiden Deltas untersucht werden. Die Forschung baut auf der komplexen, adaptiven Systemtheorie auf, um Wechselwirkungen und Rückkopplungen in landwirtschaftlichen Systemen zu untersuchen. Der Ansatz zielt darauf ab, ein besseres Verständnis der Treiber des Systemwandels auf mehreren Ebenen im sozial-ökologischen System der Deltaregionen zu erreichen. Darüber hinaus hat diese Studie einen Anpassungspfad-Ansatz angewandt, um verschiedene Anpassungsoptionen und mögliche "Lock-ins" in landwirtschaftlichen Systemen zu identifizieren sowie die Methode der subjektiven Resilienzbewertung verwendet, um die Widerstandsfähigkeit von landwirtschaftlichen Systemen in diesen Deltas zu quantifizieren. Derzeit ist das RRD durch einen Deich und ein Schleusensystem vor dem Eindringen von Salzgehalt geschützt. Im MKD tritt der Salzgehalt natürlich auf, da es sich um ein von den Gezeiten dominiertes Delta handelt und es weniger Schutzstrukturen gibt. Im MKD wurden empirische Erhebungen entlang von Salzgehaltsgradienten durchgeführt. Im RRD lag der Fokus darin, den Einfluss von Deichen auf die landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung zu untersuchen. Die empirischen Daten wurden in den Jahren 2015-2016 erhoben und setzen sich zusammen aus 27 Interviews mit Vertretern von regionalen und überregionalen Behörden, elf Fokusgruppen-Diskussionen, 198 semi-strukturierten Interviews, 226 strukturierten Interviews sowie den Auswertungen von Rollenspielen mit Landwirten. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass sich die landwirtschaftlichen Systeme im RRD und im MKD seit dem Kriegsende 1975 erheblich verändert haben. Die Analyse der Treiber von Veränderungs- und Anpassungspfaden zeigt, dass ein dynamisches Zusammenspiel von verschiedenen Faktoren wie Politikintervention, Gewinnmaximierung der Landwirte, veränderte Salzgehalte und technologische Entwicklung in den letzten Jahrzehnten den Wandel und die Anpassung der landwirtschaftlichen System geprägt haben. Als Reaktion auf die zunehmende Versalzung, wie die seit 90 Jahren in 2015-2016 höchsten gemessenen Salzgehalte im MKD zeigen, wurden verschiedene Anpassungsoptionen in Betracht gezogen. Dazu gehören Anpassungen, die die landwirtschaftliche Produktion in bestimmten Agrarsystemen einschränken oder Veränderungen in anderen Systemen unterbinden. Angesichts der hohen Unsicherheit im Zusammenhang mit künftigen Veränderungen könnte dies problematisch sein. Die Studie erkennt die Notwendigkeit an, sowohl inkrementelle als auch transformative Veränderungen vorzunehmen und Anpassungspfade zu wählen, die kontinuierliche Veränderungen ermöglichen oder reversibel sind, um "Lock-ins" zu vermeiden und zukünftige Herausforderungen anzugehen. Darüber hinaus führte diese Studie eine subjektive Methode zur Bewertung der Widerstandsfähigkeit ein, welche basierend auf der Wahrnehmung der Landwirte die drei Komponenten von Widerstandsfähigkeit einschätzt: i) die Sensitivität ihrer landwirtschaftlichen Systeme gegenüber einem erhöhten Salzgehalt, ii) die Fähigkeit sich von den Schäden durch Versalzung zu erholen und iii) die Fähigkeit auf andere Systeme umzusteigen, wenn der Salzgehalt in der Zukunft weiter ansteigen wird. Die Ergebnisse der subjektiven Bewertung von Widerstandsfähigkeit zeigen, dass keines der landwirtschaftlichen Systeme bei der Betrachtung aller drei Komponenten eine höhere Bewertung erhielt als die anderen. Dies zeigt, dass die Erhöhung der Widerstandsfähigkeit gemessen an einer Komponente, beispielsweise durch einen Wechsel der landwirtschaftlichen Systeme, andere Komponenten negativ beeinflussen würde. Die Erhöhung der Widerstandsfähigkeit im Hinblick auf die drei Komponenten (z.B. durch politische Maßnahmen und Interventionen, der gezielte Einsatz von Ressourcen oder Änderungen der Anbausysteme), ist für landwirtschaftliche Systeme, die unter Stress durch Versalzung leiden, von entscheidender Bedeutung, um die Produktion aufrechtzuerhalten oder bei Bedarf die Umstellung auf alternative Systeme zu erleichtern. Die Ergänzung der subjektiven Bewertung der Widerstandsfähigkeit mit qualitativen Daten ist daher entscheidend für das Verständnis der Treiber von Widerstandsfähigkeit, um die Komponenten der Widerstandsfähigkeit für landwirtschaftliche Systeme in den jeweiligen Deltas zu verbessern. Zusammenfassend ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass Wechselwirkungen und Rückkopplungen bei künftigen Veränderungen innerhalb und zwischen den Anpassungspfaden sowie Kompromisse hinsichtlich der Komponenten der Widerstandsfähigkeit zu berücksichtigen sind. Dies könnte dazu beitragen, eine weitere Erhöhung des Salzgehalts und "Lock-in" Effekte in landwirtschaftlichen Systemen in den Deltas zu verhindern.