Suchergebnisse

Este artigo busca destacar aspectos centrais do Estado capitalista, do poder político e do aparato de Estado, a fim de discutir a tese de Nicos Poulantzas sobre uma "via democrática ao socialismo". A presença de diversos governos caracterizados como populares ou progressistas, particularmente numerosos desde o início do século XXI na América Latina, constitui um incentivo para essa discussão. Aqui não pretendemos colocar em questão a pertinência de que as forças de esquerda busquem, como parte de suas lutas, vitórias eleitorais para alcançar posições relevantes no aparato de Estado. O espírito que anima este artigo é destacar os entraves que tais experiências enfrentam, em um quadro de debilidade dos debates estratégicos na esquerda regional e mundial.

Por que a questão latino-americana pode constituir um problema relevante à filosofia política e às ciências sociais? Uma primeira resposta aponta o lugar conflitivo que a América Latina ocupa no discurso universal construído pela modernidade capitalista em termos econômicos e políticos. No seio desse grande relato, a região e seus processos aparecem como um excesso que questiona e nega aquela universalidade, o que exige um pensamento que dê conta das razões dessa negação. Para este objetivo, analisam-se momentos da história política e econômica regional e das reflexões teóricas formuladas sobre as tendências ao subdesenvolvimento e à atualidade da revolução.

Los medios de comunicación juegan un papel importante en la construcción de significados sociales, así como en la construcción y reproducción de representaciones de las identidades. En este artículo, presento parte del análisis de mi investigación sobre las representaciones discursivas de la identidad de las maestras uruguayas en medios digitales de noticias. Particularmente me centro en el estudio de la transitividad, mostrando los procesos más recurrentes en las cláusulas principales, procesos verbales y materiales, de esos medios digitales de noticias. Los resultados muestran una construcción predominantemente negativa de la identidad: las maestras son el actor social más recurrente en noticias de educación, pero se las representa como agentes de "ataques" que impactan negativamente en la sociedad (niños, padres, etc.), se tematizan eventos donde se inscriben significados negativos sobre su actuación laboral, ética o profesional y se reportan sus voces con valoraciones a través de las cuales implícitamente se las cuestiona.

A recent proposal for updating of the Marxist theory of dependency requires abandoning the categories of superexploitation and unequal exchange and the theory of dependent capitalism. Examination of the limitations of this proposal highlights the misconceptions regarding these categories and the importance of recognizing dependent capitalism as a form of capitalism for an understanding of the state of the revolution in Latin America and the exceptional conditions that have made it possible for some economies to overcome underdevelopment. Una propuesta reciente de renovación de la teoría marxista de la dependencia reclama abandonar las categorías superexplotación e intercambio desigual y la de capitalismo dependiente. Un examen de las limitaciones de esta propuesta destaca a los errores en la comprensión de esas categorías así como la relevancia de capitalismo dependiente como una forma de capitalismo para comprender la actualidad de la revolución en América Latina y las condiciones de excepción que han hecho posible superar el subdesarrollo por algunas economías.

Since several years now, there has been a proliferation of prodigious spaces for fostering creativity and innovation. Governments, companies, universities, and communities have turned to the implementation of innovation laboratories as the places where innovation processes are expected to be enhanced through open and agile forms of collaboration. However, there are concerns on how the lack of a clear and shared strategic intent undermines the innovation laboratories' purpose and how these initiatives struggle to share and align their strategic intent with all the stakeholders. Thus, this dissertation, following an action research approach under multiple research settings, aims to explain how the strategic intent of innovation laboratories is built and can be used to guide their performance. Throughout this thesis, innovation laboratories are recognized as intermediary organizational forms created to support and facilitate the innovation intent in multi-stakeholder contexts. Moreover, it is also addressed how innovation lab settings require sensemaking and feedback processes that allow them to create and maintain a strategic alignment among their stakeholders. Accordingly, this work focuses on the design of mechanisms that enable (1) the representation of the constituent elements of the organizational strategic intent of an innovation lab, (2) understanding how this intent unfolds over time and the stages it goes through, and (3) the identification of competences and roles within innovation lab teams that help to navigate the innovation lab intent. Altogether, they constitute a methodological approach to support strategy making processes in such collaborative environments. ; Depuis plusieurs années, les espaces propices à la créativité et à l'innovation se multiplient. Les gouvernements, les entreprises, les universités et les communautés se sont tournés vers la mise en place de laboratoires d'innovation comme lieux où les processus d'innovation sont censés être améliorés par des formes de collaboration ouvertes ...

Since several years now, there has been a proliferation of prodigious spaces for fostering creativity and innovation. Governments, companies, universities, and communities have turned to the implementation of innovation laboratories as the places where innovation processes are expected to be enhanced through open and agile forms of collaboration. However, there are concerns on how the lack of a clear and shared strategic intent undermines the innovation laboratories' purpose and how these initiatives struggle to share and align their strategic intent with all the stakeholders. Thus, this dissertation, following an action research approach under multiple research settings, aims to explain how the strategic intent of innovation laboratories is built and can be used to guide their performance. Throughout this thesis, innovation laboratories are recognized as intermediary organizational forms created to support and facilitate the innovation intent in multi-stakeholder contexts. Moreover, it is also addressed how innovation lab settings require sensemaking and feedback processes that allow them to create and maintain a strategic alignment among their stakeholders. Accordingly, this work focuses on the design of mechanisms that enable (1) the representation of the constituent elements of the organizational strategic intent of an innovation lab, (2) understanding how this intent unfolds over time and the stages it goes through, and (3) the identification of competences and roles within innovation lab teams that help to navigate the innovation lab intent. Altogether, they constitute a methodological approach to support strategy making processes in such collaborative environments. ; Depuis plusieurs années, les espaces propices à la créativité et à l'innovation se multiplient. Les gouvernements, les entreprises, les universités et les communautés se sont tournés vers la mise en place de laboratoires d'innovation comme lieux où les processus d'innovation sont censés être améliorés par des formes de collaboration ouvertes ...

The methods in which crime developed during la Violence in Colombia reached unprecedented levels of cruelty in the country. Shortly after the Conservative Party came to power in 1946, broad sectors of it sought to expand their diminished political bases through the physical and moral destruction of liberalism. In Valle del Cauca, some conservative leaders constituted and financed gangs of murderers who, in association with policemen and detectives, undertook conservative homogenization campaigns through both selective assassinations and massacres commited in various places. Many of these assassins committed their crimes with extreme levels of sadism and inhumanity, executing opprobrious practices on the victims. Thus, the atrocity became a fundamental characteristic of said violence and a matter of special relevance for the literature that dealt with this phenomenon. In this paper I will examine the types of murderers, the methods of crime and the literary treatment of cruelty in three novels from Valle del Cauca that ficitionalize the criminal campaign of the Conservative Party in Valle del Cauca: Viento seco (1953), Cóndores no entierran todos los días (1972) y Noche de pájaros (1984). ; Las formas del crimen desarrolladas durante la Violencia en Colombia alcanzaron niveles de crueldad inéditas en el país. Poco después de que el Partido Conservador llegara al poder en 1946, amplios sectores del mismo buscaron ampliar sus disminuidas bases políticas mediante la destrucción física y moral del liberalismo. En el Valle del Cauca, algunos dirigentes conservadores constituyeron y financiaron bandas de asesinos que, en asocio con policías y detectives, emprendieron campañas de homogenización conservadora a través tanto del asesinato selectivo como de masacres perpetradas en diversos lugares. Muchos de estos asesinos cometieron sus crímenes con niveles extremos de sadismo y sevicia, ejecutando prácticas oprobiosas sobre las víctimas. De manera que lo atroz se constituyó en una característica fundamental de esta violencia y en un asunto de especial relevancia para la literatura que se ocupó del fenómeno. Examinaré en este trabajo los tipos de asesinos, las formas del crimen y el tratamiento literario de la crueldad en tres novelas vallecaucanas que ficcionalizan la campaña criminal del Partido Conservador en el Valle del Cauca: Viento seco (1953) de Daniel Caicedo, Cóndores no entierran todos los días (1972) de Gustavo Álvarez Gardeazábal, y Noche de pájaros (1984), de Arturo Alape.

This document is a reflection taken from the film "Chircales", directed by Martha Rodriguez and Jorge Silva (1964), that includes the political and ethical elements of Antigone. This deep thought looks to draw an ethical principle in cinematography, where grief and regret are part of a shared natality in which every son or brother, has the same importance (weight). ; El texto es una reflexión que se teje a partir de la película colombiana Chircales de Martha Rodríguez y Jorge Silva (1964), con algunos elementos políticos y éticos de Antígona. Es una búsqueda por trazar un principio ético en el cine, donde el lamento y el duelo son parte de una mirada que busca una natalidad compartida ante la cual todos los hijos -o hermanos- tienen el mismo peso.

This research note addresses the role of actors in the process of social policy formulation and its transfer between Latin American countries. The diverse group of actors that can be identified in the literature encourages the discussion of some of their particularities: individual or collective character, technical or political role. Through this exercise, future lines of work and a nomenclature —social technocrat— are outlined, which contribute both to the literature on public policies in Chile and to the studies on the transfer and dissemination of policies in Latin America. ; En esta nota de investigación se aborda el rol de los actores en los procesos de formulación de políticas sociales y en su transferencia entre países de América Latina. El diverso grupo de actores que es posible identificar en la literatura incentiva a ajustar la discusión sobre algunas de sus particularidades: carácter individual o colectivo, rol técnico o político. A través de este ejercicio se perfilan futuras líneas de trabajo y una nomenclatura —tecnócrata social—, las que aportan tanto a la literatura acerca de políticas públicas en Chile como a los estudios respecto de la transferencia y la difusión de políticas en América Latina.

<p>Este artigo é uma crítica às teses que sustentam que Marx não teria deixado dúvidas de que a força de trabalho de nosso tempo é paga por seu valor, o que exigiria abandonar a categoria de superexploração. Aqui, procuramos mostrar que a violação do valor da força de trabalho é um problema inscrito na teoria marxista e presente em O Capital. Por outro lado, argumentamos sobre a relevância da noção de capitalismo dependente e seu significado para entender as particularidades desse capitalismo, que o separa das trajetórias e objetivos do capitalismo desenvolvido.</p><p><span>ABOUT SUPER- EXPLOITATION AND DEPENDENT CAPITALISM</span></p><div class="trans-abstract"><p>This article is a critique of the theories that sustain that Marx affirms that the labor force is paid for its value. Here we try to show that a violation of the value of the labor force is a problem inscribed in Marxist theory and present in <em>O Capital</em>. On the other hand, it argues about the importance of the notion of dependent capitalism and its meaning to understand its particularities that separate it from the traits and objectives of capitalism developed.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Superexplotation; Dependent capitalism; Capitalism patterns</p></div><div class="trans-abstract"><p class="sec"><span>SUR SUPEREXPLOTATION ET CAPITALISME DÉPENDANT</span></p><p>Cet article est une critique des théories qui soutiennent que Marx affirme que la force de travail est payée pour sa valeur. Nous essayons ici de montrer qu'uneviolation de la valeur de la force de travail est unproblèm einscrit dans la théorie marxiste et présent dans <em>O Capital</em>. D'autre part, il argumente sur l'importance de la notion de capitalisme dépendant et sa signification pour comprendre ses particularités qui le séparent des traits et des objectifs du capitalisme développé.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Superexplotation; Capitalisme dépendant; Modèles de capitalisme</p></div>