Suchergebnisse

Este artículo forma parte de la sección monográfica de este número, titulada "Turismo y gentrificación en la ciudad contemporánea" y coordinada por Estefanía Calo, Raimundo Otero y Alberto Rodríguez Barcón (Universidade da Coruña). ; [Resumen] El objetivo del artículo es evidenciar cómo la actual competitividad desarrollada entre las ciudades como resultado de la intensificación de la tendencia neoliberal, conlleva un fuerte impacto sobre la ciudad y concretamente sobre sus centros. En esta, se analiza el incremento de la actividad turística en los centros urbanos y su impacto sociocultural. Se parte de la creación de una determinada imagen diseñada tanto por las administraciones como por los agentes privados y del uso de la cultura como herramienta de atracción e identidad. Los casos de Madrid y Barcelona sirven de ejemplo ilustrativo a este efecto. Ambas urbes son las ciudades españolas de mayor número de turistas recibidos en los últimos años. Se observa internamente cómo los poderes públicos y privados incentivan una imagen de ciudad atractiva para unos usuarios específicos (turistas y nuevos consumidores urbanos) y excluyen o silencian a las clases populares, inmigrantes, mayores, etc. Se finaliza con unas reflexiones sobre la sostenibilidad de las ciudades turísticas, en aras a su gobernanza. La literatura desde la que se aborda el problema recurre al marco del neoliberalismo en las ciudades (Brenner y Theodore, 2003) y la promoción urbana a través de la imagen (Gómez Schiattini et al, 2008; Zukin, 1995; Florida, 2009) y a uno de sus cambios más relevantes, el de la gentrificación (Lees et al., 2008; Smith, 1996; Butler, 1997; Hamnet, 2003) que provoca la expulsión física y simbólica de los antiguos pobladores del centro de las ciudades como espacios revitalizados por excelencia, como señala Sassen (2014). Datos secundarios y entrevistas permiten el análisis cualitativo. ; [Abstract] The aim of this paper is to show how interurban competition as a result of the intensification of neoliberalism impacts on cities and city centres. The study focuses on the increase in tourism activity and its cultural impact on urban centres, starting with city branding by councils and private agents and the use of culture as a tool of attraction and identity. The cases of Madrid and Barcelona during the early years of the 21century (up to the political change in local government in 2015) are a good example of how public and private powers promote an image of the city that is attractive for specific users (tourists and new urban consumers) but excludes or silences the popular classes, immigrants, older people, etc. The study concludes with a series of reflections on governing tourist cities more sustainably. The theoretical framework for the research combines neoliberalism in cities (Brenner and Theodore, 2003), urban promotion through the image (Gómez Schiattini et al. 2008; Zukin 1995; Florida 2009) and, most significantly, the process of city centre gentrification as revitalised spaces par excellence (Sassen 2014; Lees et al. 2008; Smith 1996; Butler 1997; Hamnet 2003) that brings with it the physical and symbolic expulsion of its former inhabitants. Qualitative analysis is conducted using secondary data and interviews.

El objetivo del artículo es evidenciar cómo la actual competitividad desarrollada entre las ciudades como resultado de la intensificación de la tendencia neoliberal, conlleva un fuerte impacto sobre la ciudad y concretamente sobre sus centros. En esta, se analiza el incremento de la actividad turística en los centros urbanos y su impacto sociocultural. Se parte de la creación de una determinada imagen diseñada tanto por las administraciones como por los agentes privados y del uso de la cultura como herramienta de atracción e identidad. Los casos de Madrid y Barcelona sirven de ejemplo ilustrativo a este efecto. Ambas urbes son las ciudades españolas de mayor número de turistas recibidos en los últimos años. Se observa internamente cómo los poderes públicos y privados incentivan una imagen de ciudad atractiva para unos usuarios específicos (turistas y nuevos consumidores urbanos) y excluyen o silencian a las clases populares, inmigrantes, mayores, etc. Se finaliza con unas reflexiones sobre la sostenibilidad de las ciudades turísticas, en aras a su gobernanza. La literatura desde la que se aborda el problema recurre al marco del neoliberalismo en las ciudades (Brenner y Theodore, 2003) y la promoción urbana a través de la imagen (Gómez Schiattini et al, 2008; Zukin, 1995; Florida, 2009) y a uno de sus cambios más relevantes, el de la gentrificación (Lees et al., 2008; Smith, 1996; Butler, 1997; Hamnet, 2003) que provoca la expulsión física y simbólica de los antiguos pobladores del centro de las ciudades como espacios revitalizados por excelencia, como señala Sassen (2014). Datos secundarios y entrevistas permiten el análisis cualitativo. ; O obxectivo do artigo é evidenciar como a actual competitividade desenvolvida entre as cidades como resultado da intensificación da tendencia neoliberal conleva un forte impacto sobre a cidade e, concretamente, sobre os seus centros. Nesta, analízase o incremento da actividade turística nos centros urbanos e o seu impacto sociocultural. Pártese da creación dunha determinada imaxe deseñada tanto polas administracións como polos axentes privados e de uso da cultura como ferramenta de atracción e identidade. Os casos de Madrid e Barcelona serven de exemplo ilustrativo a este efecto. Ambas urbes son as cidades españolas de maior número de turistas recibidos nos últimos anos. Obsérvase internamente como os poderes públicos e privados incentivan unha imaxe de cidade atractiva para uns usuarios específicos (turistas e novos consumidores urbanos) e exclúen ou silencian as clases populares, inmigrantes, maiores etc. Finalízase cunhas reflexións sobre a sostibilidade das cidades turísticas en aras da súa gobernanza. A literatura dende a que se aborda o problema recorre ao marco do neoliberalismo nas cidades (Brenner y Theodore, 2003) e a promoción urbana a través da imaxe (Gómez Schiattini et al, 2008; Zukin, 1995; Florida, 2009) e a un dos seus cambios máis relevantes, o da xentrificación (Lees et al., 2008; Smith, 1996; Butler, 1997; Hamnet, 2003) que provoca a expulsión física e simbólica dos antigos pobladores do centro das cidades como espazos revitalizados por excelencia, como sinala Sassen (2014). Datos secundarios e entrevistas permiten a análise cualitativa. ; The aim of this paper is to show how interurban competition as a result of the intensification of neoliberalism impacts on cities and city centres. The study focuses on the increase in tourism activity and its cultural impact on urban centres, starting with city branding by councils and private agents and the use of culture as a tool of attraction and identity. The cases of Madrid and Barcelona during the early years of the 21century (up to the political change in local government in 2015) are a good example of how public and private powers promote an image of the city that is attractive for specific users (tourists and new urban consumers) but excludes or silences the popular classes, immigrants, older people, etc. The study concludes with a series of reflections on governing tourist cities more sustainably. The theoretical framework for the research combines neoliberalism in cities (Brenner and Theodore, 2003), urban promotion through the image (Gómez Schiattini et al. 2008; Zukin 1995; Florida 2009) and, most significantly, the process of city centre gentrification as revitalised spaces par excellence (Sassen 2014; Lees et al. 2008; Smith 1996; Butler 1997; Hamnet 2003) that brings with it the physical and symbolic expulsion of its former inhabitants. Qualitative analysis is conducted using secondary data and interviews.

En virtud del artículo 9 de la Constitución Española, se garantiza la libertad y la igualdad real y efectiva del individuo a través de los poderes públicos, los cuales deben asegurar su inclusión en la "vida política, económica, cultural y social". Es por ello por lo que las Comunidades Autónomas, a través de la Renta Mínima de Inserción, como competencia delegada del Estado, persiguen paliar la situación de aquellos que en base a su situación socioeconómica no consiguen tener una vida digna. En este presente trabajo se pretende resolver algunas dudas tales como: si la Renta Mínima de Inserción en realmente efectiva, si existen diferencias significativas entre unas comunidades y otras y finalmente si la Renta Mínima de Inserción consigue su objetivo, reducir la desigualdad social. ; The article 9 from the Spanish Constitution stablishes real and effective freedom and equality for every citizen through public institutions, which main objective is the inclusion of those citizens in the political, economic, cultural, and social life. In this order, each Region, as a delegate competence from the Estate, use the Regional Minimum Insertion Income as a way to promote a worthy life for those whose socioeconomical situation is not enough for it. So, this work is aimed to answer some questions such as if the Regional Minimum Insertion Income is effective, if there are significative differences between some Regions from others and, finally, if the Regional Minimum Insertion Income reaches its objective, which is reduce the social inequality.

Este artículo analiza los desplazamientos identitarios en tres barrios, La Colonia de Tercio y Terol (TYT), El Poblado Dirigido de Fuencarral (PDF) y Palomeras Sureste (PAL). Todos ellos han registrado una mudanza importante en su identidad, cuya comprensión se apoya en las nociones de postradicionalización de Giddens (1993a, 1993b, 1999, 2001) y de destradicionalización de Heelas, Lash y Morris (1996). También se señala que en PDF y PAL este cambio se acompaña de la centralidad del "envejecimiento", que, sin embargo, ocupa una posición más relegada ya en TYT. La metodología utilizada es comparativa y eminentemente cualitativa, e incluye también un análisis cuantitativo basado en los datos censales de 2001 y de 2011.

Although the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm is one of the most accepted theories of strategic management, it has been criticized for its limited empirical support. The RBV basically predicts the relationship between the firm's resources and its performance. This study argues that it is more appropriate to measure firm performance using profit efficiency than traditional financial or accounting measures and that frontier models have great potential in empirical research on the RBV. To test this idea empirically, we used a stochastic frontier model with random coefficients to evaluate the impact of corporate reputation on profit efficiency. Finally, implications of the aforementioned focal points are discussed.JEL classification: C11, L25, M10, M20

This paper estimates profit efficiency and its determinants in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Spain. The stochastic frontier methodology and the model proposed by Battese and Coelli (1995) were used to determine the impact of the technological and environmental differences between these companies on their efficiency. The results indicate that the average profit efficiency of food SMEs is 49.37%. The results also reveal that company size, export orientation, government assistance and labour productivity are all positively related to the efficiency of food SMEs; age, however, is negatively related. Finally, the strategic implications of these findings are discussed."

This study aims to explore how family firms pursue strategies that promote strategic flexibility and knowledge-management (KM) practices to respond to strategic-renewal goals. Specifically, based on a knowledge-based view of the firm, the following research question is proposed: Are there heterogeneous groups of family firms in terms of knowledge management, strategic flexibility and strategic renewal goals? To answer this question, an exploratory study using a two-step cluster analysis is developed. It reveals natural groupings from a sample of 288 small and medium-sized Spanish family enterprises (SMEs). The results obtained identified three distinctive clusters of family firms, namely proactive family firms, transitional or adaptive family firms, and rigid family firms. After two-step cluster analysis, we also conducted analysis of variance (ANOVA) to confirm that significant differences amongst the three clusters exist. After heterogeneity been confirmed, a further profile of the cluster solution was provided by using CEO and board characteristics, as well as the generational stage of the company. The findings offer some counterbalance for those studies that tend to study family businesses as a homogeneous entity, thus permitting researchers to access more information, providing rich explanations for renewal managerial decision-making purposes in family firm contexts.

This commentary seeks to engage the issue of 'impact' in social anthropology by scrutinising the topic of open access. Drawing on the discussions that took place at the interna- tional conference 'FAQs about Open Access: The Political Economy of Knowledge in Anthro- pology and Beyond', held in October 2014 in Madrid, we suggest that addressing the topic of open access allows a two-fold goal. On one hand, it elucidates that public debates about open access rely on a rather minimalist notion of openness that does not yield an adequate under- standing of what is at stake in those debates. On the other, we argue that expanding the notion of openness does not only allow us to revisit the debate concerning what we do as academics, how we do it and what its value is, but also to do so going beyond current notions of 'impact' and 'public value' underpinned by the principle of economic efficiency in a context of increas- ingly reduced research funds.

This publication is prior to the conference/workshop FAQs About Open Access – The Political Economy of Publishing in Anthropology and Beyond, held at Medialab-Prado (Madrid) on the 16th and 17th of October 2014. We, as conference conveners and members of the Research Group on Anthropology with a Public Orientation (GIAOP), are interested in the current debates about open access and it is out of that shared interest that this conference emerges. It has been more than a decade since the first declarations for open and free access to publicly-funded scientific knowledge were issued (the Budapest Open Access Initiative in 2002 and the Berlin Declaration on Open Access one year after). Even though the debate has proliferated with strength in the Anglo-American academia in the last few years, we think that the way in which it has done so is extremely narrow, limited to putting forth proposals for how to make academic publications available online —and generally not questioning the business models and the very academic practices that have led to "capture/enclose" knowledge in the first place.

Background: All humans have the right to receive a thorough medical attention, and should not be discriminated. Aims: To determine if there is a significant relationship between Medical Oaths that commit to the principle of no discrimination in health care and the time, origin and source of the modifications to the Hippocratic Oath. To specify which are the conditions for no discrimination. Materials and Methods: Fifty Oaths found in different articles and publications were analyzed and selected considering their historical context. Results: Of the fifty Oaths that were analyzed, nineteen express a commitment towards no discrimination, whereas one of the texts is discriminatory. The only significant relationship found was the origin and source of the texts. The most frequently discriminating factors found are social class, religion, nationality and race. At present, other factors can be found such as ideology, moral, aptitude, sex and political and sexual preferences. Conclusions: The commitment towards no discrimination is not widely found in Medical Oaths of all times (30/50). According to the bioethics principle of justice, physicians should find the limit of their obligation as doctors in providing medical assistance to everyone alike, wealthy or poor; Christians, Hebrews or Muslims; men or women; children, adults or old; with or without infectious diseases. Non discrimination should be a vow that physicians must be willing to take despite any of the factors that could influence health care (Rev Méd Chile 2003; 131: 799-807). ; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas