Suchergebnisse

Le Panama est un petit pays d'Amérique centrale, surtout connu pour son canal et, depuis l'affaire des Panama Papers , son système d'évasion fiscale. Cet État a longtemps vécu sous la tutelle des États-Unis et cherche depuis les années 1990 à affirmer son indépendance et sa souveraineté. Pour ce faire, il mise notamment sur son intégration, non seulement dans les circuits économiques et financiers internationaux, mais aussi dans les grandes instances multilatérales.

<p>El artículo se inscribe en el marco de un estudio global de la evolución institucional del<br />Sistema de Integración Centroamericana (sica). Se analiza la transformación de las funciones<br />y actitudes de los actores regionales y, en perspectiva, la progresiva constitución de<br />una función pública supranacional en Centroamérica. Este trabajo de Sociología Política se<br />funda sobre una investigación de campo, revisión de archivos y más de 60 entrevistas.</p>

This article is part of a general study of the institutional evolution of the Central AmericanIntegration System (SICA ). It's analyzed the changing roles and attitudes of regional actorsand, in such a perspective, the progressive establishment of a supranational civil servicein Central America. This paper of political sociology is based on field work, analysis ofarchives and more than 60 interviews. ; El artículo se inscribe en el marco de un estudio global de la evolución institucional delSistema de Integración Centroamericana (sica). Se analiza la transformación de las funcionesy actitudes de los actores regionales y, en perspectiva, la progresiva constitución deuna función pública supranacional en Centroamérica. Este trabajo de Sociología Política sefunda sobre una investigación de campo, revisión de archivos y más de 60 entrevistas.

What explains the variation in how states collectively deal with public health challenges across different regions? We tackle this puzzle by comparing the regional health governance efforts pursued within the Central American Integration System (SICA) and the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). We show that Central America's health governance has been driven by external actors, whereas South America's was driven by states within the region, and remained insulated from external actors' influence. We argue that the explanation for such variation lies in the interplay of state capacity and regional leadership. In Central America, weak state capacity combined with the absence of a regional leader willing to provide governance resources. This opened up space for external actors to contribute actively to regional health governance, complementing the governance of Central American governments. In South America, Brazil's regional leadership mobilised neighbouring states' capacities by promoting a South-South cooperation agenda based on intra-regional exchanges among national health bureaucracies, which, however, proved vulnerable to intergovernmental conflicts. Through the comparison of Central and South America, the article bridges the gap between global health governance scholarship and comparative regionalism, providing new insights on the determinants and effects of regional health governance modes in the Global South.

Various United Nations organizations and representatives have released declarations about the deterioration of the Venezuelan and Nicaraguan situations since 2017. The United Nations Security Council, the General‐Secretary, and the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights have been particularly active on these issues. The positions of the selected institutions and their representatives were diverse, and sometimes contradictory, and the polarized contexts in which such declarations have been made emphasized diversity. Based on a sociological approach of international organizations, this article demonstrates that the United Nations as an actor is not a coherent and unique entity. To understand the difficulties the organization faces in dealing with the Venezuelan and Nicaraguan crises, it seems indispensable to go beyond the traditional dichotomy between states and institutions, and power politics. Indeed, institutions are plural—the United Nations through states is conservative and cautious, whereas the United Nations through the individuals and staff is more assertive and critical of the Venezuelan and Nicaraguan governments.

Les régionalismes latino-américains font aujourd'hui face à une période de crise. Le Mercosur et l'Unasur sont paralysés, en grande partie du fait des crises que connaissent le Venezuela et le Brésil. La Communauté andine des nations subit par ailleurs la concurrence forte de l'Alliance du Pacifique et les effets de ses précédentes erreurs de gestion (financières et stratégiques). Face à ces situations mouvementées, principalement dues aux profonds changements que connaissent les scènes nationales, autant du fait d'alternances politiques que de crises politiques et/ou économiques, l'Amérique centrale et son projet régional apparaissent moins en prise aux aléas que connaît le sud du continent. Dans cet article, nous expliquons la nature et les récentes transformations du régionalisme en Amérique centrale.

This article compares the effects of the mechanisms of the European Union (EU) on the promotion of regional civic organisations, especially funding opportunities, in two regional settings (Central America and Europe). It is argued that the EU is exporting a specific model of relationships between regional institutions and civic organisations, giving priority to the promotion of regional integration, democracy and social inclusion. This article shows that EU funds have significantly contributed to the shaping of the civil society landscape in both regions, especially enhancing the participation of excluded groups in the policy process at the regional level. It is also important to determine if the EU is acting as an internal or external promoter of civic organisations. Even if the economic, social and cultural context is not neglected, the differential impact is primarily related to different types of European requirements. Adapted from the source document.