Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Growth, Employment, and Equity -- 1 A New Approach to Analyzing Reforms: Macro- Micro Linkages -- 2 The International Context: Trade and Capital Flows -- 3 Structural Reforms and Public Policies -- 4 Investment, Productivity, and Growth: Recovery and Modest Advances -- 5 Employment and Equity: Continuing Challenges -- 6 Heterogeneity in Responses of Sectors and Firms -- 7 A Policy Agenda for the Next Decade -- References -- Additional Project Publications -- Index.

AbstractLiterature published a decade ago reflected a pessimistic view of the market-oriented reforms that Latin America carried out in the 1980s and 1990s, and many politicians have attacked these reforms openly. Indeed, the atmosphere is so negative that it would be reasonable to assume that many of the reforms have been reversed. This paper will take a new look at the situation ten years later. Our argument is that the reforms have generally not been reversed. The reversal that has occurred has been with respect to privatisation in a few countries; negative public opinion is also concentrated on privatisation; and the reforms helped to enable Latin America to take advantage of favourable conditions leading to high growth in the 2004–8 boom period and a relatively strong performance during the 2008–9 crisis. While much remains to be done to raise growth and improve distribution, objective information about the reforms is needed when policies for the future are made.

En este articulo se estudia la evolucion de la competitividad internacional de los paises de America Latina y el Caribe en el decenio de 1990, prestando atencion a las dimensiones microeconomica y sectorial. Diferentes condiciones institucionales de insercion en la economia mundial y ventajas comparativas de costos llevaron al desarrollo de dos estilos de insercion. Por un lado, en Mexico y la Cuenca del Caribe prevalecen las exportaciones de manufacturas ensambladas para el mercado estadounidense. Por otro, en America del Sur predominan las actividades de produccion y el procesamiento de recursos naturales. Se analizan los actores empresariales involucrados y se presentan consideraciones de politica. (Rev CEPAL/DÜI)

This article looks at the evolution of international competitiveness in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1990s, focusing on the microeconomic and sectoral aspects. It evaluates the competitive performance of the region's countries, contrasting it with that of their main competitors in the developing world; it analyses the corporate actors involved, including the subsidiaries of transnational enterprises and large locally owned firms; and it sets forth some political considerations. (CEPAL Rev/DÜI)