Suchergebnisse

"Cover page " -- "Half title page " -- "Title page " -- "Copyright page " -- "PREFACE TO THE REISSUE" -- "Title page " -- "Copyright page " -- "CONTENTS" -- "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS" -- "1 Changing Emphases in Public Services Research Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox and Steven Pinch" -- "2 Public Services in Cities and Counties K. Newton" -- "3 The Spatial Allocation of Federal Outlays and Presidential Politics: A Vote-Buying Linkage? J. Clark Archer" -- "4 The Public Choice Perspective in Contemporary Political Geography Fred M. Shelley" -- "5 School Budget Retrenchment and Locational Conflict: Crisis in Local Democracy? David R. Reynolds" -- "6 Jurisdictional Benefits and Local Costs: The Politics of School Closings Rex Honey and David Sorenson" -- "7 Policy Evaluation and Selection: Can Formal Methods Help? Bryan H. Massam" -- "8 Urban Development and The Geography of Personal Services: The Example of Medical Care in the United States Paul Knox James Bohland and Larry Shumsky" -- "9 Economic Determinism and the Provision of Human Services Christopher J. Smith " -- "10 Health Care and the State: Britain and the United States Andrew M. Kirby" -- "11 Inequality in Pre-School Provision: A Geographical Perspective Steven Pinch" -- "12 Social Change, Turf Politics, and Concepts of Turf Politics Kevin R. Cox" -- "13 Neighbourhood Participation, Political Demand Making and Local Outputs in British and North American cities Alan Burnett" -- "14 Political Decision-making and the Distribution o fPublic Benefits: A Political Science Perspective Bryan D. Jones

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the extent to which urban social enterprises (SEs) have diversified their funding sources and shifted towards loans and development finance in recent years. The paper seeks to consider the underlying reasons for a limited demand for loans by comparing two theoretical perspectives on SE development. The concept of "social bricolage" implies SEs do not seek conventional business loans or equity finance, because they survive in resource poor environments by improvising and re‐using redundant capital. A second evolutionary approach implies that SE financing will be dominated by a reliance on habits and practices learnt from the contexts in which social entrepreneurs have operated.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on analysis of interviews with 40 SEs in four English cities.FindingsThe paper finds a limited degree of change and scant evidence of local decentralisation in social enterprises' financial contexts. It argues that both conceptual approaches offer important insights into the causes of the low level of demand for development finance by emphasising the importance of practical and improvised financial management. This is an adaptive response to uncertainty but is also a manifestation of SEs' inherited capabilities in public and charitable finance.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is based on a relatively small sample of social enterprises in central and deprived urban areas. The financial practices of social enterprises in other types of environment also require examination.Practical implicationsIt is unrealistic to expect the majority of SEs to secure conventional loan finance, instead they require "softer" finance and intensive support from intermediaries.Originality/valueThe paper makes a novel empirical contribution by revealing social enterprises' views and recent experiences with funding. Its approach allows an intensive examination of key financial issues. It makes an original theoretical contribution by seeking to apply, develop, and evaluate two theoretical perspectives on the form and practices of social enterprises.

There is some debate as to whether creative industries can thrive in second-tier industrial city-regions, as well as in leading global cities. This paper uses the results of firm interviews with design consultancies to examine their experiences in three industrial cities in the UK: Manchester; Newcastle and Birmingham. It highlights the major constraints on growth in each city and it emphasises the quantity and quality of demand, and the availability of skilled labour. It considers the effects of design and cultural policy initiatives and finds that most measures are perceived to have had only ambiguous and minor supportive impacts.