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Governance is a complex process, often divided among various structures and institutions. Local, regional, national, and even supranational entities each have their own formal and informal institutions that comprise a political system. Readers will use this comprehensive volume to examine the various types, structures, and functions of government around the world, as well as the evolution of political systems and the factors contributing to their rise and fall

Complementary and mutually reinforcing, political science and political philosophy lie at the heart of the study of governance. The concept of how government could or should operate in the abstract is the province of political philosophy, while political science concerns itself with the concrete. Readers will chronicle the history and development of both fields and introduces readers to the major thinkers-including Aristotle, Machiavelli, and Weber-whose works have informed the study of politics the world over

Divergence in opinions, beliefs, and interests is a fundamental aspect of every society. Such plurality often spurs the development of various factions and groups, each seeking to attain its objectives through political and governmental action. Whereas elected officials exercise political power directly, interest groups often operate behind the scenes, lobbying for policy changes that benefit their cause. Readers discover how the general populace influences the way it is governed via political parties, interest groups, and elections within the framework of various forms of government

For as long as individuals have lived alongside one another there have been governing structures-bodies established to maintain order and justice, entrusted to provide basic needs and services to their constituents. Disparate beliefs and interests have given rise to many forms of government throughout history, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. This engaging volume allows readers to examine the various forms of government that have developed around the world, with a special focus on the ascension of democracy

Although one of the shortest written constitutions in the world, the U.S. Constitution, designed to embody the rights, laws, and guiding principles of a diverse and ever-changing populace, remains an enduring document. Since its ratification in 1787, the Constitution has been applied to a broad range of legal and political questions and, while often the subject of much debate, continues to serve as a stalwart reminder of the country's social and legal strides. This detailed volume breaks down each section of the Constitution and its amendments, also providing a concise overview of the field of

As a fixture in recent headlines, the Earth's climate has commanded much attention. While environmental and atmospheric conditions in large part determine the climate of a region, the impact of human activity has increasingly become a significant factor as well. This is especially true concerning significant climate changes, commonly known as global warming. New technologies and an ever-expanding population have contributed to worldwide climate shifts in ways that are harmful to the planet. The factors affecting climate, the various climate classification systems, and international responses t

It has been said that when it comes to success, it isn't what you know, but who you know. The 100 Most Influential World Leaders of All Time is one title in this 8 book series, in which readers get the best of both worlds. Concise but information-packed biographies detail the lives and life's work of hundreds of leading individuals from an assortment of disciplines. Readers will get to know the foremost minds within science, art, writing, music, invention, politics and philosophy. Each valuable compendium offers a comprehensive index, complementary visuals, and behind-the-scenes details that r

Venerated as the cradle of civilization since the days of ancient Mesopotamia, Iraq served as an intellectual and cultural center in the Arab world for much of its history. Unwilling to let the turbulence of the 20th and 21st centuries eclipse their rich culture and society, the Iraqi people endeavor to secure a hopeful, prosperous future for their country. This thoughtful volume chronicles the major events in Iraqi history and the traditions, customs, and ideas that have shaped its trajectory since the Arab conquests

Ethics is the business of moral philosophy by which humans try to determine what behaviors are right and wrong; good and bad; noble and ignoble. Each person strives for rectitude as they understand it, while working within the accepted values of a larger group dynamic. The moral view of the larger group is developed and refined within a state of flux, and new circumstances are constantly arising that defy individual consciences and compel each individual to reexamine how he or she applies ethical principles in everyday life. This absorbing volume looks at the development of the three major fie

The Britannica Guide to Political and Social Movements That Changed the Modern World, is one title in a 4 book series that focuses on the transformative power of various movements, voyages, conceits, and outright brainstorms. A true journey into modernity, this set delves into the facts surrounding landmark decisions, actions, and inventions that have advanced cultures, inspired humankind and forever changed the way the world works. Supplementing the text, which is categorized for easy referencing, are an array of photographs and illustrations that provide an unforgettable visual narrative. Re