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In: Futures: the journal of policy, planning and futures studies, Band 28, Heft 10, S. 903-918
ISSN: 0016-3287
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In: Futures: the journal of policy, planning and futures studies, Band 28, Heft 10, S. 903-918
ISSN: 0016-3287
In: Post-communist economies, Band 25, Heft 1, S. 1-17
ISSN: 1465-3958
In: Eastern European economics: EEE, Band 49, Heft 4, S. 88-105
ISSN: 1557-9298
In: Eastern European economics: EEE, Band 49, Heft 4
ISSN: 1557-9298
In: Panoeconomicus: naučno-stručni časopis Saveza Ekonomista Vojvodine ; scientific-professional journal of Economists' Association of Vojvodina, Band 56, Heft 2, S. 199-226
ISSN: 2217-2386
The paper explores (former) transition economies, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and the Republic of Serbia, concerning abandonment of the exchange rate targeting and fixed exchange rate regimes and movement toward explicit/implicit inflation targeting and flexible exchange rate regimes. The paper identifies different subperiods concerning crucial monetary and exchange rate regimes, and tracks the changes of specific monetary transmission channels i.e. exchange rate channel, interest rate channel, indirect and direct influences to the exchange rate, with variance decomposition of VAR/VEC model. The empirical results indicate that Polish monetary strategy toward higher monetary and exchange rate flexibility has been performed smoothly, gradually and planned, compared to the Slovak and, especially, Czech case. The comparison of three former transition economies with the Serbian case indicate strong and persistent exchange rate pass-through, low interest rate pass-through, significant indirect and direct influence to the exchange rate as potential obstacles for successful inflation targeting in the Republic of Serbia.
Rad se bavi analizom dva od četiri zakona iz oblasti energetike koji su usvojeni aprila meseca 2021. godine i to: Zakonom o korišćenju obnovljivih izvora energije i Zakonom o energetskoj efikasnosti i racionalnoj upotrebi energije. U radu su prikazana istraživanja koja se odnose na novine koje ovi zakoni donose, potrebne preduslove za njihovo sprovođenje i implementaciju, prepreke i mogućnosti na putu Srbije ka većoj primeni zelene energije, smanjenju emisija CO2 i održivom razvoju, u skladu i sa novim strateškim okvirima u ovoj oblasti (NERP, Strategija niskougljeničnog razvoja). Da bi se ovo ostvarilo, potrebno je doneti niz podzakonskih akata, kojima se u startu rešavaju brojne nedoumice. Rad se posebno bavi zakonskim preduslovima za sprovođenje ideje korišćenja obnovljivih izvora energije u stanovanju. Osim toga, u Nacrtu Nacionalne stambene strategije 2020-2030. ističe se da, s obzirom na činjenicu da je stambeni fond veliki potrošač energije, unapređenje energetskih svojstava ovog fonda predstavlja zadatak ne samo od nacionalnog, već i globalnog značaja (odnosi se na celokupan stambeni fond - višeporodično/kolektivno i porodično/individualno stanovanje). Prema pomenutoj Strategiji veliki udeo potrošnje energije troši se za grejanje, a sve više i za hlađenje stanova/kuća, a stalni rast ukupne potrošnje energije ukazuje na neracionalno i neodrživo korišćenja energije u sektoru stanovanja. Stoga unapređenje energetske efikasnosti i korišćenje obnovljivih izvora energije u stambenom sektoru predstavlja jedan od ključnih izazova za održivi razvoj Srbije u budućnosti. U radu se daju predlozi za permanentno, sistematsko i plansko obrazovanje, podizanje svesti građana o značaju primene i potencijalima OIE. Stimulisanje korišćenja ovog vida energije i primena energetske efikasnosti mora biti permanentna misija struke, nauke i politike. Stimulacija države kako kroz donešenu legislativu, tako i kroz praktične procedure koje neće biti previse komplikovane, i povoljne kredite, može omogućiti opredeljenje korisnika ...
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In: Panoeconomicus: naučno-stručni časopis Saveza Ekonomista Vojvodine ; scientific-professional journal of Economists' Association of Vojvodina, Band 61, Heft 1, S. 79-106
ISSN: 2217-2386
Emerging economies have specificities which distance them compared to
advanced economies in practicing inflation targeting (IT) monetary regime.
One of the main differences in performing IT in advanced compared to
emerging economies is ?fear of floating? problem in emerging group. However,
on the road from exchange rate (ER) as a nominal anchor to IT, differences
between advanced and emerging economies concerning ?fear of floating? have
been more or less narrowed. In this paper we are concentrated to selected
aspects of ER pass-through to prices and output, as well as (in)direct
monetary policy reactions to ER shocks, trying to find out is significant
difference observable between advanced and emerging IT countries in
pre-crisis period and (post)crisis period. The comparison is made on the
basis of forecast error variance decompositions from estimated Vector
Autoregression (VAR) / Vector Error Correction (VEC) models. ?Fear of
floating? phenomenon should not be exclusively applied to emerging
economies, especially in the crisis period burdened with external shocks.
The role of ER in IT monetary framework is strengthened with higher internal
vulnerability to ER shocks, despite the level of economic development.
Advanced countries more use interest rate as an indirect way to withstand ER
shocks, while emerging economies more use direct way via foreign exchange
interventions to withstand the ER shocks.
This paper examines the nature of changes within the EU–15 welfare states affected by the 2008 crisis. We try to answer the question of whether the differences that exist among different welfare state regimes, according to prevailing welfare state typologies, lead to different responses to the consequences of the crisis. Welfare state regimes are the result of different institutional perceptions of social risks hence it is realistic to expect specific responses to the effects of crisis among different welfare state regimes, and similar responses among the countries that belong to the same welfare state regimes. In order to recognize convergent vs. divergent processes, we perform a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the key welfare state determinants of the EU–15 countries, grouping according to welfare state regimes, in the pre-crisis and crisis periods. The results indicate that institutional rigidity and inherent inertia has remained a key factor of convergent welfare state processes in countries that belong to the Social Democratic and Corporatist welfare state regimes. Deviations from such a course are the most evident in the Mediterranean welfare state regimes, especially in Greece and Portugal where austerity measures have been formulated under the strong influence of the Troika.
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This paper examines the nature of changes within the EU–15 welfare states affected by the 2008 crisis. We try to answer the question of whether the differences that exist among different welfare state regimes, according to prevailing welfare state typologies, lead to different responses to the consequences of the crisis. Welfare state regimes are the result of different institutional perceptions of social risks hence it is realistic to expect specific responses to the effects of crisis among different welfare state regimes, and similar responses among the countries that belong to the same welfare state regimes. In order to recognize convergent vs. divergent processes, we perform a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the key welfare state determinants of the EU–15 countries, grouping according to welfare state regimes, in the pre-crisis and crisis periods. The results indicate that institutional rigidity and inherent inertia has remained a key factor of convergent welfare state processes in countries that belong to the Social Democratic and Corporatist welfare state regimes. Deviations from such a course are the most evident in the Mediterranean welfare state regimes, especially in Greece and Portugal where austerity measures have been formulated under the strong influence of the Troika.
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In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 24, Heft 2, S. 1938-1952
ISSN: 1614-7499
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
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Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long- term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
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