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It is argued that wilderness, a category of rural landscape socially constructed in the US from the ideas of the English Romantic movement, obfuscated & displaced aboriginal subsistance land use patterns & locally oriented farm communities. In the Adirondack Mountains of NY, the urban industrial elite in the last half of the nineteenth century were able to extend this wilderness definition of landscape in a way that legitimated their social roles as stewards of the general welfare, consolidating their aristocratic pretensions as a landed upper class. Travel writers, American scene painters, & the Protestant clergy played a leading role in this cultural redefinition of landscape, a definition later taken up by the suburban middle class & operationalized by the state as NY's Forest Preserve & Adirondack State Park. In displacing & obscuring prior subsistance land use patterns, wilderness is a political category employed by elites at the expense of historical accuracy & marginal populations. 41 References. AA

Content analysis of 355 stories on nature that appeared between 1898 & 1983 is used to examine science reporting in The New York Times. Science stories, which comprise a conceptual subsystem of Times articles, have three narrative assumptions: (1) scientific inquiry is treated as having a progressive quality that reduces apparent natural chaos to comprehensible & predictable order, & the state is increasingly depicted as playing a central role in underwriting & coordinating scientific research for the general welfare; (2) individual curiosity & risk-taking, as well as teamwork, are depicted as essential to progress, & good science is seen as a vehicle for individualism & a model for good journalism; & (3) the disruptive potential of nature is mitigated by the moral solidarity that localities display in responding to emergencies. The consequences of Times coverage based on these premises are threefold. Nature stories articulate a historically prior system of community-based values, corresponding to the neighborly responsibility of the old Mc of the small town rather than reflecting the mobility expectations of a new & Ur Mc. Second, Times reporting celebrates & justifies two themes central to liberalism: faith in human progress through science, & the conviction that such progress unites individualism with an activist & expanding role for government. Expectations of the scientific conquest of nature have, in recent years, led to the publicizing of failures of such efforts -- swine flu innoculation, mechanical heart transplants, etc. Rather than openly repudiating the liberal view of the scientific endeavor, The Times has since the 1950s adopted a more ambivalent stance. It is as though the new Mc, the newspaper's primary readership, has lost its grounds for historical optimism without as yet being able to fabricate a postliberal metaphor through which to understand its future as a class or the natural society. AA

AbstractThe author proposes a formula for use in deciding whether to retain or sell to the highest bidder large stocks of items of material that appear to exceed demands in the immediate future. Estimates of expected demand, storage cost, percentage return from disposal sales, probability of obsolescence and interest charges are the basic factors employed in the formula. Given these data for an item, and that certain assumptions used in the derivation of the formula are satisfied, one may determine the optimum level of stock to retain.