Suchergebnisse

Holloway Prison for Women was rebuilt in the expectation that it would revolutionize the treatment of female offenders. This work describes the changes in penal ideology and conceptions of women's criminality as they fed into the design of this new prison from 1968 to 1988.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Criminology and the Sociology of Deviance in Britain -- Labelling Theory Reconsidered -- The Sociology of Crime and the Emergence of Criminal Laws -- Problems in the Comparative Analysis of Deviance -- Phenomenology, Sociology, and the Study of Deviance -- 'Persons Believed Missing' -- Dock Pilferage -- Mass Media, Drugs, and Deviance -- Deviance, Politics, and the Media -- SUBJECT INDEX -- NAME INDEX

Thinking About Criminology aims to provide an analysis of the relationship between theory and criminological research, discussing the ways in which theoretical perspectives have contributed to the understanding of relevant criminal justice institutions, law and policy.

First published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Aftermath, a self‐help and counselling organisation established by and for the families of serious offenders, defines its members as 'he other victims of crime'. That is a claim which raises important and interesting questions not only about procedures for establishing moral identity but also about the reach and impact of crime.

Annotation

Abstract
Research Question
To what extent could police identify victims of modern slavery among growers arrested on cannabis farms as suspects under drug laws, and what challenges of evidence would have to be met to separate offending from victimisation?

Data
A purposive sample of criminal history data of all Vietnamese nationals arrested for cannabis cultivation offences in Surrey/Sussex in the 3 years to 2017 (N = 19) was identified and collected. Three 'cannabis farm' cases from the period 2014–2017 were analysed to produce key information about growers, including their nationality, criminal history and possible status as modern slavery victims. The case records and interviews provide key information about the extent to which growers on farms were treated as slaves under the 2015 Modern Slavery Act.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the three arrested growers to explore their lived experiences of recruitment and labour on the farms. Arresting police officers were also interviewed to explore how they frame the problem of cannabis cultivation and make decisions about their role in confronting it. Interview transcripts were prepared for analytic purposes. All interviewees were informed that the research was focused on the management of the policing of cannabis farms alone and full anonymity was assured.

Findings
Five of the 19 Vietnamese nationals had previous criminal disposals. Of the remaining 14 individuals, five had no record and nine had various charges, but the prosecutions had not reached court.
Of the three cases examined in depth, the arrested growers provided stories consistent with their having been trafficked and subjected to 'debt bondage'. They described precarious journeys before being forced to work on UK farms. All three had been exposed to threats of violence or death for themselves and/or their families, should they attempt escape. Varying levels of mental and physical hardship were evidenced. There were a priori reasons to conclude that they were eligible to be considered modern slavery victims. When arrested, however, none had pleaded victimisation. Police officers demonstrated an ignorance of related legislation and varying levels of awareness of the possibility of modern slavery. They responded to the first impression made by the grower as a person culpable under drugs laws. Even where officers had concerns about modern slavery, no appropriate crime was recorded, and no formalised investigation followed.

Conclusions
Given reluctance or inability to frame the police response to cannabis farms under modern anti-slavery legislation, policing agencies should consider adopting more detailed practice guidelines to officers on how to react to the complex challenges involved, including the investigative opportunities that may help unearth modern slavery on cannabis farms through greater encouragement of victim accounts.

Includes bibliographical references and index