This paper shows that the plays contained in the repertoire of the autores de comedias which appear in El peregrino en su patria (1604) are organised chronologically, although there are some nuances and exceptions. The article also expands the repertoire discovered by Thornton Wilder and sets the date of composition for some plays, paying special attention to lost texts such as La perdición de España, La gobernadora, La gran pintora, La bella gitana or La toma de Álora. Finally, this paper attempts to show in a practical way that a database such as the Diccionario biográfico de actores del teatro clásico español (DICAT) can be extremely helpful when it comes to dealing with some of the philology's classical problems in general and those of the theatre of the Golden Age in particular ; En este artículo se muestra cómo los títulos que contienen los repertorios de los autores de comedias presentes en El peregrino en su patria de 1604 están dispuestos según un orden cronológico, aunque con algunos matices y no pocas excepciones. Además, se amplían los repertorios descubiertos por Thornton Wilder y se afina la fecha de composición de varias obras, prestando especial atención a textos que se han perdido, como La perdición de España, La gobernadora, La gran pintora, La bella gitana o La toma de Álora. Finalmente, el presente artículo pretende mostrar de un modo práctico cómo una base de datos digital como el Diccionario biográfico de actores del teatro clásico español (DICAT) puede resultar de gran ayuda a la hora de resolver algunos de los problemas clásicos de la filología en general y del teatro del Siglo de Oro en particular
This paper shows that the plays contained in the repertoire of the autores de comedias which appear in El peregrino en su patria (1604) are organised chronologically, although there are some nuances and exceptions. The article also expands the repertoire discovered by Thornton Wilder and sets the date of composition for some plays, paying special attention to lost texts such as La perdición de España, La gobernadora, La gran pintora, La bella gitana or La toma de Álora. Finally, this paper attempts to show in a practical way that a database such as the Diccionario biográfico de actores del teatro clásico español (DICAT) can be extremely helpful when it comes to dealing with some of the philology's classical problems in general and those of the theatre of the Golden Age in particular ; En este artículo se muestra cómo los títulos que contienen los repertorios de los autores de comedias presentes en El peregrino en su patria de 1604 están dispuestos según un orden cronológico, aunque con algunos matices y no pocas excepciones. Además, se amplían los repertorios descubiertos por Thornton Wilder y se afina la fecha de composición de varias obras, prestando especial atención a textos que se han perdido, como La perdición de España, La gobernadora, La gran pintora, La bella gitana o La toma de Álora. Finalmente, el presente artículo pretende mostrar de un modo práctico cómo una base de datos digital como el Diccionario biográfico de actores del teatro clásico español (DICAT) puede resultar de gran ayuda a la hora de resolver algunos de los problemas clásicos de la filología en general y del teatro del Siglo de Oro en particular
This article explores whether and how the biotechnologization process that the fuel-plant Jatropha curcas is undergoing might strengthen local sustainable development. It focuses on the ongoing efforts of the multi-stakeholder network Gota Verde to harness Jatropha within local small-scale production systems in Yoro, Honduras. It also looks at the genomics research on Jatropha conducted by the Dutch research institute Plant Research International, specifically addressing the ways in which that research can assists local development in Honduras. A territorial approach is applied for analysis employing a three domain concept (local sustainable biotechnological development) of territory, technology and re-territorialization. The article suggests that, although the biotechnologization process (through genomics) of Jatropha within the socio-technical framework of the institute and multi-stakeholder networks is an ongoing process––and different trajectories are, therefore, still open––the process can, nevertheless, strengthen local sustainable development.
Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infectious disease transmitted by vectors that cause three main clinical syndromes: cutaneous (CL), mucosal (ML), and visceral (VL). Since VL is not relevant to this thesis, only CL and ML will be further discussed. Leishmaniasis is present in 98 countries, with more than 350 million people at risk of infection. Leishmaniasis disproportionately affects poor countries and, in particular, remote areas where health services are weaker. Bolivia, a lower-middle-income country, is the fifth country with more cases in Latin America, and case detection and management is the main control strategy of the National Leishmaniasis Control Programme (NLCP). The NLCP provides free treatment to patients, which consists of systemic pentavalent antimonials (SPA) for 20 days. This treatment is highly toxic for patients and costly for the government, resulting in long periods of shortage of the drug. A good alternative to SPA is the use of intralesional pentavalent antimonials (ILPA), which are safer and have similar efficacy to SPA in treating CL. Case detection and management depend on a well-structured health-care system, and the primary level of care is responsible for this task in Bolivian endemic areas. It is well known that health-care access for leishmaniasis patients is limited but the extent and the determinant factors of this problem are unknown. The aim of this thesis is to assess health-care access among patients with leishmaniasis in a Bolivian rainforest rural area, addressing four specific questions: Who is most vulnerable to CL?; What is the extent of their lack of access to health care?; How do the dimensions of access and the quality of care influence health-care utilization in a context of vulnerability?; and how can a change in NLCP policy related to the treatment of CL improve the level of access to health care? Methods: This thesis is based on four studies that use quantitative and qualitative methods. Data collection was conducted through surveys, in-depth interviews and revision of official documents. Sub-study 1 was based on a cross-sectional study conducted in two communities of Cochabamba and assessed risk factors for CL using multivariate analysis. Sub-study 2 used the method of capture−recapture to assess the level of under-reporting of the national register for the period of 2013−2014, using Chapman's formula. Sub-study 3 was conducted through in-depth interviews applied to 14 participants, using thematic analysis. Sub-study 4 was an economic evaluation that used data from surveys with physicians, official documents and key informants and compared the costs of systemic pentavalent antimonials (SPA) and intralesional pentavalent antimonials (ILPA) from the perspective of the Ministry of Health (MoH) and society. Additionally, a budget impact analysis of the implementation of ILPA in hypothetical scenarios of increasing level of demand was carried out. Main findings: Sub-study 1 showed that gender/sex was the only statistically significant factor associated with CL, with men being the most affected group. Other classical factors, such as animal ownership, house materials and protective measures were, however, not related to CL. Sub-study 2 revealed a high level of under-reporting (73%) of CL in the study area, and this under-reporting was higher among men compared to women. Sub-study 3 showed that the lack of availability, accessibility, affordability and quality of care were the main factors that limited the access to care of CL and ML patients. In sub-study 4, the economic analysis pointed out that the use of ILPA was cost-saving for the MoH and society, and the budget analysis confirmed that the implementation of ILPA as first-line treatment was not only cost-saving for the MoH, but it would also increase the number of patients accessing the treatment. Conclusions: The predominance of a sylvatic pattern of transmission, with men as the most affected group, demands new approaches to prevention related to occupational activities. The NLCP policy related to case management has been essential to reducing economic barriers for patients with leishmaniasis; however, there are still a considerable amount of cases who do not have access to the treatment. Lacko f health services, equipment and drugs, as well as difficulties in reaching health services, the high costs of seeking health care and the low quality of care are important factors that must be addressed to fulfil the right to health care for these patients. Finally, new therapeutic alternatives, such as ILPA, must be considered to reduce problems of affordability, adherence, as well as side effects to the treatment. This information can be used to develop targeted interventions aimed at increasing the access to health care of people with leishmaniasis in the rainforest of Bolivia.
Los ataques informáticos (ciberataques) entendidos como acciones enmarcadas en una «ciberguerra» se han convertido en una amenaza importante para los Estados, organizaciones regionales y alianzas militares, ya que sus repercusiones van más allá del ámbito de la Defensa. En vista del rol importante en el sistema de integración a nivel regional, y el papel protagónico en el expectro mundial de la UNASUR, que avanza en la consecución de «una identidad suramericana en materia de defensa» (CDS, 2008), la dinámica geopolítica mundial representa una serie de desafíos estratégicos a los países componentes de la misma, que podrían convertirse en Estados vulnerables ante la amenaza de «ciberataques». Este estudio tomará como punto de partida la Declaración de Santiago de Chile en el año 2009 cuando se crea el Consejo de Defensa Suramericano (CDS), que definió cuatro ejes a desarrollar, teniendo especial interés para esta investigación: «las Políticas de Defensa; y la Industria y Tecnología de la Defensa» (CDS, 2010). La delimitación temporal concluye en el año 2013, en vista que en dicho período hay tres marcos referenciales; Primero: la propuesta primigenia sobre «Defensa Cibernética» enmarcada en el literal 1.f de los Planes de Acción 2012/2013 del Consejo de Defensa Sudamericano; Segundo: la decisión de creación del mega anillo de fibra óptica para la región sudamericana; y Tercero: el Pronunciamiento presidencial de Paramaribo y su propuesta sobre «Defensa Cibernética». La coherencia y pertinencia de este estudio dentro de la Maestría en Seguridad y Defensa, recae en la necesidad de analizar los aportes estratégicos, legales, normativos, y teóricos impulsados desde el «CDS» para erigir una visión sudamericana que contrarreste ataques cibernéticos que vulneren la Defensa Regional.
Darstellung aktueller Entwicklungstendenzen im Zuge der fortschreitenden kapitalistischen Durchdringung der Agrarproduktion lateinamerikanischer Länder unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Strukturveränderungen in der Landwirtschaft und demographischen Prozessen auf der Grundlage empirischer Forschungsergebnisse
La amenaza de la ciberdelincuencia es recurrente en cualquier expresión de nuestra vida, manifestándose a través de distintas formas: sexual, económica, política, y ciberacoso, entre otras. Con la paulatina evolución del uso de estas tecnologías, se han ido también actualizando las conductas con reproche penal debido al fuerte incremento de las tasas de prevalencia de los ciberdelitos, especialmente aquellos que atentan contra la libertad e indemnidad sexuales. En el presente artículo se aborda, desde una aproximación criminológica y dogmática, la descripción de este fenómeno, el reto de combatir la ciberdelincuencia sexual juvenil, ofreciendo una mirada hacia el autor y víctimas menores de edad, y des-cribiendo desde el derecho comparado, en concreta referencia al Código Penal español, los principales tipos penales ; The threat of cybercrime is recurrent in any expression of our life, manifesting itself through different natures: sexual, economic, political, and cyberbullying, among others. With the gradual evolution of the use of these technologies, behaviors with criminal reproach have also been updated due to the sharp increase in the prevalence rates of cybercrimes, especially those that violate sexual freedom and indemnity. This article addresses from a criminological and dogmatic approach, the description of this phenomenon, the challenge of combating juvenile sexual cybercrime, offering a look at the youths perpetrator and vic-tims, and describing from comparative law, in specific reference to the spanish Penal Code of the main criminal types
