Suchergebnisse

This article analyses the underlying and immediate triggers of Nigeria's EndSARS protest and their interconnectedness. Leveraging Braun and Clark's reflexive thematic analysis of interviews with 11 participants along with the ethnographic approach, the authors constructed a broader theme termed 'EndSARS – An Umbrella'. They identify three primary themes (youth unemployment, endemic public sector corruption/poor police welfare and poverty) as the root causes of the EndSARS protest. In addition, they single out one theme (police – perennial human rights abuse) as the immediate cause. They contend that these prevalent socio-economic challenges, commonly experienced among the participants in their study, intersect and serve as pivotal catalysts for mobilization within the context of the EndSARS protest. These distinctive yet challenging characteristics play a central role in broadening the composition of the protesters, resulting in their quest for government accountability and a better Nigeria.

Hablamos con John Postill, profesor titular de Comunicación en RMIT University (Melbourne, Australia), sobre temas presentes en su nuevo libro: "The Rise of Nerd Politics" (El surgimiento de la Política Nerd). Postill nos explica qué es la política nerd, cómo las prácticas creativas de la cultura de la remezcla y la cultura libre surgen y se expanden en movimientos sociales a través de los imaginarios populares. La entrevista finaliza con un tema muy actual que en inglés se llama "data storytelling", los relatos que están detrás de los datos masivos y que al convertirse en historias llevan cuestiones técnicas a otros públicos, a persona comunes. ; Falamos com John Postill, professor de Comunicação na RMIT University (Melbourne, Austrália), sobre tópicos do seu novo livro: "The Rise of Nerd Politics". Postill explica o que é a política nerd, como as práticas criativas da cultura do remix e da cultura livre emergem e se expandem para os movimentos sociais através de imaginários populares. A entrevista termina com um tópico muito atual que em inglês é chamado de "data storytelling", as histórias que estão por trás de dados massivos e que, quando se tornam histórias, trazem questões técnicas para outros públicos, para pessoas comuns. ; We have spoken with John Postill, Professor of Communication at the RMIT University (Melbourne, Australia), on topics of his new book: "The Rise of Nerd Politics." Postill explains what nerd politics is, how the cultural practices of the remix and the emergence of free culture are expanded in social movements through popular imaginaries. The interview ends with discussing data storytelling, the stories that are behind the big mass of data and, when they become stories the can bring to the fore technical issues to other public, to ordinary people.

Este artículo se centra en el análisis de una serie de prácticas creativas emergentes de especial relevancia en el ámbito audiovisual; concretamente aquellas que suelen agruparse alrededor de dos términos de notable popularidad: crowdsourcing y crowdfunding. Dichos términos se consideran clave para explicar las dinámicas de la creación cultural contemporánea, en buena parte a partir de dos nexos en común: en primer lugar, por hacer referencia a la implicación de importantes cifras de participantes; en segundo lugar, por convertirse en exponentes de lo que se considera una radical reinvención de la relación entre productores y públicos en los distintos procesos que permiten la materialización de un proyecto creativo. Este segundo factor establece un claro vínculo con una tendencia cultural más amplia: la mayor implicación y dedicación de los públicos en los procesos relacionados con su propio consumo cultural. Y esto nos exige reconsiderar la definición y los límites que tradicionalmente rodean a los agentes implicados en los circuitos de la producción cultural. Aunque esta tendencia nos puede fácilmente llevar a pensar en clave de democratización de la producción audiovisual o mayor adquisición de poder por parte de los públicos, se hace necesaria una aproximación que tenga en cuenta las distintas resistencias, contradicciones o ambigüedades que se encuentran tras esta complejidad. Este artículo pretende efectuar una contribución a este debate a partir de la discusión de la diversidad de prácticas alrededor de los discursos sobre el crowdsourcing y el crowdfunding, partiendo de casos ejemplo, observando tanto sus potencialidades como sus límites.

This paper focuses on the analysis of a series of emerging creative practices of particular relevance in the field of audiovisual media production, particularly those that tend to cluster around two terms of increasing popularity: crowdsourcing and crowdfunding. These terms are considered key concepts to explain the dynamics of contemporary cultural creation, mainly from two points of view: first, because they imply the involvement of large numbers of participants; second, because they become exponents of what is considered a radical reinvention of the relationship between producers and audiences in the various processes that enable the materialization of a creative project. This second factor establishes a clear link with a broader cultural trend: the greater engagement of publics in their own cultural consumption. This fact requires to reconsider the definition and the boundaries that traditionally surround the agents involved in circuits of cultural production. While this tendency can easily lead us to think about the democratization of audiovisual production and the empowerment of the publics, a thorough approach is required to take into account the different resistances, contradictions and ambiguities that lie behind this complexity. This paper attempts to contribute to this debate from the discussion, based on case examples, of the diversity of practices around the discourse on crowdsourcing and crowdfunding, highlighting both their potential and their limits. ; Este artículo se centra en el análisis de una serie de prácticas creativas emergentes de especial relevancia en el ámbito audiovisual; concretamente aquellas que suelen agruparse alrededor de dos términos de notable popularidad: crowdsourcing y crowdfunding. Dichos términos se consideran clave para explicar las dinámicas de la creación cultural contemporánea, en buena parte a partir de dos nexos en común: en primer lugar, por hacer referencia a la implicación de importantes cifras de participantes; en segundo lugar, por convertirse en exponentes de lo que se considera una radical reinvención de la relación entre productores y públicos en los distintos procesos que permiten la materialización de un proyecto creativo. Este segundo factor establece un claro vínculo con una tendencia cultural más amplia: la mayor implicación y dedicación de los públicos en los procesos relacionados con su propio consumo cultural. Y esto nos exige reconsiderar la definición y los límites que tradicionalmente rodean a los agentes implicados en los circuitos de la producción cultural. Aunque esta tendencia nos puede fácilmente llevar a pensar en clave de democratización de la producción audiovisual o mayor adquisición de poder por parte de los públicos, se hace necesaria una aproximación que tenga en cuenta las distintas resistencias, contradicciones o ambigüedades que se encuentran tras esta complejidad. Este artículo pretende efectuar una contribución a este debate a partir de la discusión de la diversidad de prácticas alrededor de los discursos sobre el crowdsourcing y el crowdfunding, partiendo de casos ejemplo, observando tanto sus potencialidades como sus límites.

La recerca antropològica i etnogràfica dels mitjans de comunicació s'ha centrat en gran part en l'anàlisi de la recepció dels productes dels mitjans tradicionals (televisió, ràdio, premsa escrita i pel·lícules) i el consum relacionat amb l'apropiació domèstica de tecnologies (Rothenbuhler et al., 2005). També hi ha un ampli corpus de recerca dedicat a l'estudi de la dimensió política dels mitjans alternatius i indígenes (Ginsburg et al., 2002). Tanmateix, hi ha hagut una separació entre els estudis dels media i els estudis d'internet, i entre l'anàlisi de la recepció i les pràctiques d'autoproducció, com ara la fotografia familiar o el vídeo domèstic. Les pràctiques actuals en relació amb els mitjans digitals insten a reexaminar els continguts i els fluxos d'autoproducció amb una perspectiva més àmplia que difumina la frontera entre el que és públic i el que és privat, productes realitzats per corporacions i productes amateurs, producció domèstica i indústria cultural, activisme polític i vida quotidiana. ; Anthropological and ethnographic research on media have been largely focused on analyzing reception of media products (television, radio, press and film) and media consumption related to domestic appropriation of technologies (Rothenbuhler et al., 2005). There is also a wide body of research devoted to the study of the political dimension of alternative and indigenous media (Ginsburg, 2002). However, there has been a separation between media and internet studies, and between the analysis of media reception and practices of self-production, such as family photography or home video. Current digital media practices urge reexamination of self-produced content and media flows from a broader perspective that cuts across divisions between public and private, corporative media products and people's releases, home production and cultural industry, political activism and everyday life. ; La investigación antropológica y etnográfica de los media se ha centrado en gran parte en el análisis de la recepción de los productos de los medios tradicionales (televisión, radio, prensa escrita y películas) y el consumo relacionado con la apropiación doméstica de tecnologías (Rothenbuhler et al., 2005). También hay un amplio corpus de investigación dedicado al estudio de la dimensión política de los medios alternativos e indígenas (Ginsburg et al., 2002). Sin embargo, ha habido una separación entre los estudios de los media y los estudios de internet, y entre el análisis de la recepción y las prácticas de autoproducción, como la fotografía familiar o el vídeo doméstico. Las prácticas actuales relacionadas con los medios digitales instan a reexaminar los contenidos y los flujos de autoproducción con una perspectiva más amplia que difumina la frontera entre lo que es público y lo que es privado, productos realizados por corporaciones y productos amateurs, producción doméstica e industria cultural, activismo político y vida cotidiana.

Peer-reviewed ; The Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) was created in 1994, with its headquarters in Barcelona, as an initiative of the Catalan Government. It was set up from the very beginning as a fully Internet-based distance e-learning university, with a very specific model to deliver distance education (Duart and Sandrà 2000; Cobarsí 2008). Keeping into account such organizational features, the UOC was called to be a key actor in LIS distance education. With this goal in mind, a new undergraduate degree in LIS (Llicenciatura en Documentació) was set up in 1999. ; La Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) fue creada en 1994, con sede en Barcelona, como una iniciativa de la Generalitat. Se estableció desde el principio como una universidad a distancia totalmente basada en Internet e-learning, con un modelo muy específico para ofrecer educación a distancia (Duart y Sandrà, 2000; Cobarsí 2008). Teniendo en cuenta estas características organizacionales, la UOC fue llamada a ser un actor clave en la educación a distancia LIS. Con este objetivo en mente, un nuevo título de grado en LIS (Licenciatura en Documentació) se creó en 1999. ; La Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) va ser creada el 1994, amb seu a Barcelona, com una iniciativa de la Generalitat. Es va establir des del principi com una universitat a distància totalment basada en Internet e-learning, amb un model molt específic per a oferir educació a distància (Duart i Sandra, 2000; Cobarsí 2008). Tenint en compte aquestes característiques organitzacionals, la UOC va ser cridada a ser un actor clau en l'educació a distància LIS. Amb aquest objectiu en ment, un nou títol de grau en LIS (Llicenciatura en Documentació) es va crear el 1999.

Abstract. Large boulders have been found on marine
cliffs of 24 study areas on Minorca, in the Balearic archipelago. These large
imbricated boulders of up to 229 t are located on platforms that comprise
the rocky coastline of Minorca, several tens of meters from
the edge of the cliff, up to 15 m above the sea level and kilometers away
from any inland escarpment. They are mostly located on the south-eastern
coast of the island, and numerical models have identified this coastline as a
zone with a high probability of tsunami impact. The age of the boulders of
the studied localities range between 1574 AD and recent times, although most
of them are concentrated around the year 1790 AD. Although some storm waves
might play a role in their dislodging, the distribution of the boulder sites
along the Balearic Islands, the degree and direction of imbrication and the
run-up necessary for their placement suggest transport from northern African
tsunami waves that hit the coastline of Minorca.

AbstractPerceived parenting competence influences parenting practices and is a decisive factor in child development and health. There is a lack of valid and reliable tools in Spain to measure perceived parenting competence. The objective was to adapt the Parenting Sense of Competence scale (PSOC) and analyse its psychometric properties in a sample of 600 mothers of children aged between 6 and 12 months old from Spain. The PSOC was translated into Spanish (PSOC‐E) using a standard forward‐ and back‐translation process. Internal consistency, factor structure, and comparisons between known groups and correlations with other variables were assessed. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the original two‐factor structure: satisfaction and efficacy. The PSOC‐E showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .85). Perceived parenting competence was negatively associated (P < .01) with parental depression, fatigue, and parental stress and positively associated (P < .01) with dyadic adjustment. An equivalent Spanish version of the PSOC was obtained with good evidence of reliability and validity.

This study deals with one of the major concerns in mycotoxin determinations: the matrix effect related to LC-MS/MS systems with electrospray ionization sources. To this end, in a first approach, the matrix effect has been evaluated in two ways: monitoring the signal of a compound (added to the mobile phase) during the entire chromatographic run, and by classical post-extraction addition. The study was focused on nine selected mycotoxins: aflatoxin B-1, fumonisins B-1, B-2 and B-3, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins and zearalenone in various sample extracts giving moderate to strong matrix effects (maize, compound feed, straw, spices). Although the permanent monitoring of a compound provided a qualitative way of evaluating the matrix effects at each retention time, we concluded that it was not adequate as a quantitative approach to correct for the matrix effect. Matrix effects measured by post-extraction addition showed that the strongest ion suppression occurred for the spices (up to -89%). Five different calibration approaches to compensate for matrix effects were compared: multi-level external calibration using isotopically labelled internal standards, multi-level and single level standard addition, and two ways of single-point internal calibration: one point isotopic internal calibration and isotope pattern deconvolution. In general, recoveries and precision meeting the European Union requirements could be achieved with all approaches, with the exception of the single level standard addition at levels too close to the concentration in the sample. When an isotopically labelled internal standard is not available, single-level standard addition is the most efficient option. ; Peer reviewed

We present here a new measurement method for the rapid extraction and accurate quantification of technical nonylphenol (NP) and 4-t-octylphenol (OP) in complex matrix water samples by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The extraction of both compounds is achieved in 30 min by means of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) using 1-octanol as acceptor phase, which provides an enrichment (preconcentration) factor of 800. On the other hand we have developed a quantification method based on isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and singly 13C1-labeled compounds. To this end the minimal labeled 13C1-4-(3,6-dimethyl-3-heptyl)-phenol and 13C1-t-octylphenol isomers were synthesized, which coelute with the natural compounds and allows the compensation of the matrix effect. The quantification was carried out by using isotope pattern deconvolution (IPD), which permits to obtain the concentration of both compounds without the need to build any calibration graph, reducing the total analysis time. The combination of both extraction and determination techniques have allowed to validate for the first time a HF-LPME methodology at the required levels by legislation achieving limits of quantification of 0.1 ng mL−1 and recoveries within 97–109%. Due to the low cost of HF-LPME and total time consumption, this methodology is ready for implementation in routine analytical laboratories.

We present here a new measurement method for the rapid extraction and accurate quantification of technical nonylphenol (NP) and 4-t-octylphenol (OP) in complex matrix water samples by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The extraction of both compounds is achieved in 30min by means of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) using 1-octanol as acceptor phase, which provides an enrichment (preconcentration) factor of 800. On the other hand we have developed a quantification method based on isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and singly (13)C1-labeled compounds. To this end the minimal labeled (13)C1-4-(3,6-dimethyl-3-heptyl)-phenol and (13)C1-t-octylphenol isomers were synthesized, which coelute with the natural compounds and allows the compensation of the matrix effect. The quantification was carried out by using isotope pattern deconvolution (IPD), which permits to obtain the concentration of both compounds without the need to build any calibration graph, reducing the total analysis time. The combination of both extraction and determination techniques have allowed to validate for the first time a HF-LPME methodology at the required levels by legislation achieving limits of quantification of 0.1ngmL(-1) and recoveries within 97-109%. Due to the low cost of HF-LPME and total time consumption, this methodology is ready for implementation in routine analytical laboratories. ; Peer reviewed

This study deals with one of the major concerns in mycotoxin determinations: the matrix effect related to LC-MS/ MS systems with electrospray ionization sources. To this end, in a first approach, the matrix effect has been evaluated in two ways: monitoring the signal of a compound (added to the mobile phase) during the entire chromatographicrun, and by classical post-extraction addition. The study was focused on nine selected mycotoxins: aflatoxin B1, fumonisins B1, B2 and B3, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins and zearalenone in various sample extracts giving moderate to strong matrix effects (maize, compound feed, straw, spices). Although the permanent monitoring of a compound provided a qualitative way of evaluating the matrix effects at each retention time, we concluded that it was not adequate as a quantitative approach to correct for the matrix effect. Matrix effects measured by post-extraction addition showed that the strongest ion suppression occurred for the spices (up to -89%). Five different calibration approaches to compensate for matrix effects were compared: multi-level external calibration using isotopically labelled internal standards, multi-level and single level standard addition, and two ways of singlepoint internal calibration: one point isotopic internal calibration and isotope pattern deconvolution. In general, recoveries and precision meeting the European Union requirements could be achieved with all approaches, with the exception of the single level standard addition at levels too close to the concentration in the sample. When an isotopically labelled internal standard is not available, single-level standard addition is the most efficient option. ; The Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs is acknowledged for financially supporting this work. The authors acknowledge the financial support from Generalitat Valenciana (Research group of excellence Prometeo 2009/054 and Collaborative Research on Environment and Food Safety ISIC/2012/016). N. Fabregat-Cabello also acknowledges the Generalitat Valenciana for her Ph.D. research grant under the Program VALi+D.

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Incluye imágenes y tablas de datos ; El presente informe trata de política y desarrollo humano, y de la manera en que las fuerzas políticas y las instituciones formales e informales, nacionales e internacionales, conforman el progreso humano, así como de lo que requerirán los países para establecer sistemas de gobernabilidad democrática que promuevan el desarrollo humano de todas las personas, en un mundo en el que muchos se quedan rezagados. El documento se divide en cinco capítulos con los siguientes títulos: 1, Estado y progreso del desarrollo humano: 2, Gobernabilidad democrática para el desarrollo humano; 3, Profundización de la democracia al hacer frente a los déficit democráticos; 4, Democratización de la seguridad para prevenir los conflictos y consolidar la paz y 5, Profundización de la democracia a nivel mundial. El informe viene acompañado por resultados estadísticos de cada país sobre: índice y tendencias de desarrollo humano, pobreza humana y de ingresos, tendencias democráticas, compromiso con la educación (alfabetización, matriculación y desigualdad de género) y situación de los convenios de derechos laborales fundamentales, entre otros. Los datos reflejados pertenecen a los años 2000 y 2006. ; Govern de les Illes Balears. Agència de Cooperació Internacional ; Baleares ; Universitat de les Illes Balears. Redined Balears; Edifici Guillem Cifre de Colonya. Ctra. de Valldemossa, Km 7,5; 07122 Palma; +34971172792; +34971173190; redined.balears@uib.es ; ESP