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For much of 2009 and early 2010, discussions of health care policies dominated national discourse in the United States. The prolonged and often acrimonious debates brought into sharp focus the enormous, complex, and highly fragmented system that provides health care in the United States. Considerable attention was also devoted to demonstrating the advanced state of this country's medical knowledge, technology, and health services.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction: Re-Interpreting Democracy for Our Time -- 2 Autonomy in and between Polities: Democracy and the Need for Collective Political Selves -- 3 Rethinking 'Modern' Democracy: Political Modernity and Constituent Power -- 4 Democratic Surplus and Democracy-in- Failing: On Ancient and Modern Self- Cancellation of Democracy -- 5 Setbacks of Women's Emancipation (Condition, Consequence, Measure and Ruse) -- 6 Political Modernity, Democracy and State-Society Relations in Latin America: A New Socio-Historical Problématique? -- 7 Communitarian Cosmopolitanism: Argentina's Recuperated Factories, Neoliberal Globalisation and Democratic Citizenship. An Arendtian Perspective -- 8 Middle-Classing in Roodepoort: Unexpected Sites of Post-Apartheid 'Community' -- 9 Democracy and Capitalism in Europe, Brazil and South Africa -- 10 From Realism to Activism: A Critique of Resignation in Political Theory -- 11 The World as We Find It: A Suggestion for a Democratic Theory for Our Times -- 12 Epilogue: Democracy as Capacity for Self-Transformation -- Index

What is the 'Global South' and where is it?The term 'Global South' marks a new attempt at providing order and meaning in the current global political constellation, replacing the term 'Third World'. But the term 'Global South' is fraught with many ambiguities. These eight essays explore the possible meanings of this new distinction and assess the advantages and disadvantages of adopting it. They cast a wide exploratory net, looking beyond the dominant politico-economic meaning to how the way that we interpret the world has changed over time and the wider cultural–intellectual meanings.Key FeaturesAsks whether 'Global South' and 'Global North' are useful for understanding the current global constellationAnalyses the recent global transformation that allegedly made the 'Third World' disappear and the 'Global South' emergeExplores how space is used for different but overlapping purposes: to build socio-political concepts, to criticise recent trends in global developments and to develop a normative angle for collective political actionDraws on global history, conceptual history, comparative literature, social and political theory, political philosophy and social history to develop a full, interdisciplinary picture of the uses of 'South' and 'North'ContributorsJacob Dlamini, Princeton University, USAÀ. Lorena Fuster, University of Barcelona, SpainNathalie Karagiannis, University of Barcelona, SpainMaxim Khomyakov, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, RussiaAurea Mota, University of Barcelona, SpainCláudio Costa Pinheiro, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, BrazilGerard Rosich, independent researcherPeter Wagner, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) and University of Barcelona, Spain

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B lymphoid malignancy highly dependent on the microenvironment. Despite new targeted therapies such as ibrutinib and venetoclax, disease progression and relapse remain an issue. CLL cell interactions with the supportive tissue microenvironment play a critical role in disease pathogenesis. We used a platform for drug discovery based on systems biology and artificial intelligence, to identify drugs targeting key proteins described to have a role in the microenvironment. The selected compounds were screened in CLL cell lines in the presence of stromal cells to mimic the microenvironment and validated the best candidates in primary CLL cells. Our results showed that the commercial drug simvastatin was the most effective and selective out of the tested compounds. Simvastatin decreased CLL cell survival and proliferation as well as cell adhesion. Importantly, this drug enhanced the antitumor effect of venetoclax and ibrutinib. We proposed that systems biology approaches combined with pharmacological screening could help to find new drugs for CLL treatment and to predict new combinations with current therapies. Our results highlight the possibility of repurposing widely used drugs such as statins to target the microenvironment and to improve the efficacy of ibrutinib or venetoclax in CLL cells. ; The study was supported by research funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación (MINECO) RTI2018-094584-B-I00 [to DC] and was cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund [ERDF] and the CERCA program from Generalitat de Catalunya, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer [CIBERONC] [CB16/12/00334 and CB16/12/00225] and Generalitat de Catalunya Suport Grups de Recerca [2017 SGR 1009]. This project has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 306240. NG is a recipient of ...

Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Introduction -- Part I Reconstructing the History of Atlantic Modernity -- 1 The American Divergence, the Modern Western World and the Paradigmatisation of History -- 2 The Limits of Recognition: History, Otherness and Autonomy -- 3 On Being in Time: Modern African Elites and the Historical Challenge to Claims for Alternative and Multiple Modernities -- 4 The Sublime Dignity of the Dictator:1 Republicanism and the Return of Dictatorship in Political Modernity -- 5 The Luso-Brazilian Enlightenment: Between Reform and Revolution -- Part II Comparing Trajectories of Modernity in the South -- 6 Inconsistencies between Social-democratic Discourses and Neo-liberal Institutional Development in Chile and South Africa: a Comparative Analysis of the Post-authoritarian Periods1 -- 7 HIV/AIDS Policies and Modernity in Brazil and South Africa: a Comparative Critical Analysis -- 8 Land and Restitution in Comparative Perspective: Analysing the Evidence of Right to Land for Black Rural Communities in Brazil and South Africa -- Part III Claims for Justice in the History of Modernity and in its Present -- 9 An Unsettled Past as a Political Resource -- 10 Injustice at Both Ends: Pre- and Post-apartheid Literary Approaches to Injustice, Sentiment and Humanism in the Work of C. Louis Leipoldt, Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela and the Film Invictus -- 11 The Student Movement in Chile 2011-12: Rearming the Critique of Capitalism -- 12 Indignation and Claims for Economic Sovereignty in Europe and the Americas: Renewing the Project of Control over Production -- Notes on the Contributors -- Index

En 2015 decenas de plataformas municipalistas se presentaban a las elecciones municipales y obtenían resultados realmente inesperados: ganaban los ayuntamientos las de grandes ciudades como Barcelona, Madrid o Zaragoza y también de muchas otras, además de conseguir concejales en la oposición en otros tantos casos. El municipalismo se situaba así en el centro de la política del Estado español mediante lo que se considera hoy el asalto institucional de las herederas del 15M. Este libro analiza el ciclo municipalista 2015-2019 y lo hace a través de un horizonte común, la ciudad democrática, hacia el cual camina un proyecto que aprende haciendo. Las autoras sitúan y analizan la irrupción del municipalismo, analizan críticamente diferentes políticas públicas transformadoras e innovadoras implementadas por y en las 'ciudades del cambio' en ámbitos como la tecnopolítica o los bienes comunes y también cuentan cómo las nuevas organizaciones y redes municipalistas han intentado, con mayor o menor éxito, cambiar las formas de hacer política para volverlas más feministas, horizontales y democráticas.

Context. Variability caused by stellar activity represents a challenge to the discovery and characterization of terrestrial exoplanets and complicates the interpretation of atmospheric planetary signals. Aims. We aim to use a detailed modeling tool to reproduce the effect of active regions on radial velocity measurements, which aids the identification of the key parameters that have an impact on the induced variability. Methods. We analyzed the effect of stellar activity on radial velocities as a function of wavelength by simulating the impact of the properties of spots, shifts induced by convective motions, and rotation. We focused our modeling effort on the active star YZ CMi (GJ 285), which was photometrically and spectroscopically monitored with CARMENES and the Telescopi Joan Oró. Results. We demonstrate that radial velocity curves at different wavelengths yield determinations of key properties of active regions, including spot-filling factor, temperature contrast, and location, thus solving the degeneracy between them. Most notably, our model is also sensitive to convective motions. Results indicate a reduced convective shift for M dwarfs when compared to solar-Type stars (in agreement with theoretical extrapolations) and points to a small global convective redshift instead of blueshift. Conclusions. Using a novel approach based on simultaneous chromatic radial velocities and light curves, we can set strong constraints on stellar activity, including an elusive parameter such as the net convective motion effect. ; With funding from the Spanish government through the "María de Maeztu Unit of Excellence" accreditation (MDM-2017-0737)

Context. For years, the standard procedure to measure radial velocities (RVs) of spectral observations consisted in cross-correlating the spectra with a binary mask, that is, a simple stellar template that contains information on the position and strength of stellar absorption lines. The cross-correlation function (CCF) profiles also provide several indicators of stellar activity. Aims. We present a methodology to first build weighted binary masks and, second, to compute the CCF of spectral observations with these masks from which we derive radial velocities and activity indicators. These methods are implemented in a python code that is publicly available. Methods. To build the masks, we selected a large number of sharp absorption lines based on the profile of the minima present in high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectrum templates built from observations of reference stars. We computed the CCFs of observed spectra and derived RVs and the following three standard activity indicators: full-width-at-half-maximum as well as contrast and bisector inverse slope. Results. We applied our methodology to CARMENES high-resolution spectra and obtain RV and activity indicator time series of more than 300 M dwarf stars observed for the main CARMENES survey. Compared with the standard CARMENES template matching pipeline, in general we obtain more precise RVs in the cases where the template used in the standard pipeline did not have enough S/N. We also show the behaviour of the three activity indicators for the active star YZ CMi and estimate the absolute RV of the M dwarfs analysed using the CCF RVs. © ESO 2020. ; CARMENES is an instrument for the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 "Blue Planets around Red Stars", the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. Based on data from the CARMENES data archive at CAB (INTA-CSIC).

Context. The CARMENES spectrograph is surveying ∼300 M dwarf stars in search for exoplanets. Among the target stars, spectroscopic binary systems have been discovered, which can be used to measure fundamental properties of stars. Aims. Using spectroscopic observations, we determine the orbital and physical properties of nine new double-line spectroscopic binary systems by analysing their radial velocity curves. Methods. We use two-dimensional cross-correlation techniques to derive the radial velocities of the targets, which are then employed to determine the orbital properties. Photometric data from the literature are also analysed to search for possible eclipses and to measure stellar variability, which can yield rotation periods. Results. Out of the 342 stars selected for the CARMENES survey, 9 have been found to be double-line spectroscopic binaries, with periods ranging from 1.13 to ∼8000 days and orbits with eccentricities up to 0.54. We provide empirical orbital properties and minimum masses for the sample of spectroscopic binaries. Absolute masses are also estimated from mass-luminosity calibrations, ranging between ∼0.1 and ∼0.6 M. Conclusions. These new binary systems increase the number of double-line M dwarf binary systems with known orbital parameters by 15%, and they have lower mass ratios on average. © ESO 2018. ; CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Landessternwarte Königstuhl, Institut de Ciències de l'Espai, Insi-tut für Astrophysik Göttingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiología and and funded by the DepartmeCentro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 "Blue Planets around Red Stars", the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Württemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucía. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) through grants ESP2013-48391-C4-1-R, ESP2014-57495-C2-2-R and AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, AYA2016-79425–C3–1/2/3–P, ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, as well as the support of the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. We also acknowledge support from the Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca of the Generalitat de Catalunya through grant 2018 FI_B_00188. This work makes use of data from the HARPS-N Project, a collaboration between the Astronomical Observatory of the Geneva University (lead), the CfA in Cambridge, the Universities of St. Andrews and Edinburgh, the Queens University of Belfast, and the TNG-INAF Observatory; from the public release of the WASP data as provided by the WASP consortium and services at the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program; from the MEarth Project, which is a collaboration between Harvard University and the Smith-sonian Astrophysical Observatory; and from the Northern Sky Variability Survey created jointly by the Los Alamos National Laboratory and University of Michigannt of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the National Science Foundation. ; Peer Reviewed

Context. M dwarfs are ideal targets for the search of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone using the radial velocity method, and are attracting the attention of many ongoing surveys. One of the expected results of these surveys is that new multiple-star systems have also been found. This is the case also for the CARMENES survey, thanks to which nine new double-line spectroscopic binary systems have already been announced. Aims. Throughout the five years of the survey the accumulation of new observations has resulted in the detection of several new multiple-stellar systems with long periods and low radial-velocity amplitudes. Here we newly characterise the spectroscopic orbits and constrain the masses of eight systems and update the properties of a system that we had reported earlier. Methods. We derived the radial velocities of the stars using two-dimensional cross-correlation techniques and template matching. The measurements were modelled to determine the orbital parameters of the systems. We combined CARMENES spectroscopic observations with archival high-resolution spectra from other instruments to increase the time span of the observations and improve our analysis. When available, we also added archival photometric, astrometric, and adaptive optics imaging data to constrain the rotation periods and absolute masses of the components. Results. We determined the spectroscopic orbits of nine multiple systems, eight of which are presented for the first time. The sample is composed of five single-line binaries, two double-line binaries, and two triple-line spectroscopic triple systems. The companions of two of the single-line binaries, GJ 3626 and GJ 912, have minimum masses below the stellar boundary, and thus could be brown dwarfs. We found a new white dwarf in a close binary orbit around the M star GJ 207.1, located at a distance of 15.79 pc. From a global fit to radial velocities and astrometric measurements, we were able to determine the absolute masses of the components of GJ 282 C, which is one of the youngest systems with measured dynamical masses. © ESO 2021. ; Based on observations collected at the Centro Astronomico Hispano Aleman (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by the Junta de Andalucia and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). CARMENES is funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union through FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 funds, and the members of the CARMENES Consortium (Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie, Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, Landessternwarte Konigstuhl, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai, Insitut fur Astrophysik Gottingen, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Instituto de Astroisica de Canarias, Hamburger Sternwarte, Centro de Astrobiologia and Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman), with additional contributions by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, the German Science Foundation through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 `Blue Planets around Red Stars', the Klaus Tschira Stiftung, the states of Baden-Wurttemberg and Niedersachsen, and by the Junta de Andalucia. Based on data from the CARMENES data archive at CAB (INTA-CSIC). Based on observations made with the 0.9-m telescope at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (Granada, Spain), operated by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, the 0.8-m Joan Oro telescope (TJO) of the Montsec Astronomical Observatory (Lleida, Spain), owned by the Generalitat de Catalunya and operated by the Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory under ESO programs 098.C-0739(A) and 192.C-0224(C) (P.I. A. M. Lagrange), 180.C-0886(A) and 183.C-0437(A) (P.I. X. Bonfils), 074.D0016(A) (P.I. D. Montes), 078.A-9048(A) (P.I. J. Setiawan), 085.A-9027(A) (P.I. R. Gredel), 090.A-9003(A) and 091.A-9004(A) (P.I. R. Mundt), 173.C-0606(C) (P.I. M. Kurster), 096.D-0818(A) (P.I. K. Ward-Duong), 094.C-0625(A) and 097.C-0972(A) (P.I. J. H. Girard), and 081.A-9005(A), 081.A-9024(A), 083.A-9002(A), 083.A-9012(A,B), 085.A-9009(A), and 086.A-9016(A) (P.I. M. Zechmeister). This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium).Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. IRAF was distributed by the National Optical Astronomy Observatories, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (AEI-MCINN) and the European FEDER/ERF funds through projects PGC2018-098153-B-C33, PID2019-109522GB-C51/52/53/54, PID2019-107061GB-C64, ESP2017-87143-R, and the Centre of Excellence "Severo Ochoa" and "Maria de Maeztu" awards to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (SEV-2015-0548), Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV2017-0709), and Centro de Astrobiologia (MDM-2017-0737), the Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya and the Agencia de Gestio d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca of the Generalitat de Catalunya, with additional funding from the European FEDER/ERF funds, L'FSE inverteix en el teu futur, and from the Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme. ; Peer reviewed

Barnard's star is a red dwarf, and has the largest proper motion (apparent motion across the sky) of all known stars. At a distance of 1.8 parsecs, it is the closest single star to the Sun; only the three stars in the α Centauri system are closer. Barnard's star is also among the least magnetically active red dwarfs known and has an estimated age older than the Solar System. Its properties make it a prime target for planetary searches; various techniques with different sensitivity limits have been used previously, including radial-velocity imaging, astrometry and direct imaging, but all ultimately led to negative or null results. Here we combine numerous measurements from high-precision radial-velocity instruments, revealing the presence of a low-amplitude periodic signal with a period of 233 days. Independent photometric and spectroscopic monitoring, as well as an analysis of instrumental systematic effects, suggest that this signal is best explained as arising from a planetary companion. The candidate planet around Barnard's star is a cold super-Earth, with a minimum mass of 3.2 times that of Earth, orbiting near its snow line (the minimum distance from the star at which volatile compounds could condense). The combination of all radial-velocity datasets spanning 20 years of measurements additionally reveals a long-term modulation that could arise from a stellar magnetic-activity cycle or from a more distant planetary object. Because of its proximity to the Sun, the candidate planet has a maximum angular separation of 220 milliarcseconds from Barnard's star, making it an excellent target for direct imaging and astrometric observations in the future. © 2018, Springer Nature Limited. ; The results are based on observations made with the CARMENES instrument at the 3.5-m telescope of the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman de Calar Alto (CAHA, Almeria, Spain), funded by the German Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG), the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), the European Union and the CARMENES Consortium members; the 90-cm telescope at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (Granada, Spain) and the 40-cm robotic telescope at the SPACEOBS observatory (San Pedro de Atacama, Chile), both operated by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA); and the 80-cm Joan Oro Telescope (TJO) of the Montsec Astronomical Observatory (OAdM), owned by the Generalitat de Catalunya and operated by the Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC). This research was supported by the following institutions, grants and fellowships: Spanish MINECO ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, ESP2016-80435-C2-2-R, AYA2016-79425-C3-1-P, AYA2016-79245-C3-2-P, AYA2016-79425-C3-3-P, AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, ESP2014-54362-P, AYA2014-56359-P, RYC-2013-14875; Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); German Science Foundation (DFG) Research Unit FOR2544, project JE 701/3-1; STFC Consolidated Grants ST/P000584/1, ST/P000592/1, ST/M001008/1; NSF AST-0307493; Queen Mary University of London Scholarship; Perren foundation grant; CONICYT-FONDECYT 1161218, 3180405; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Koshland Foundation and McDonald-Leapman grant; and NASA Hubble Fellowship grant HST-HF2-51399.001. J.T. is a Hubble Fellow.