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Foreword-- Patrick Karl O'Brien 1. Introduction 2. The Habsburg Fiscal and Financial Inheritance 3. Deficit Phobia. From International Public Credit to Domestic Credit 4. Easing the Tax Burden 5. French Inspiration 6. Expansion of State Finance 7. Authority and Control of the King's Money 8. Bourbon Management of the Inherited Public Debt 9. The Spanish System 10. Revenue Control 11. Expenditure Control 12. Arbitrariness and Debt Phobia 13. In the Wake of the English 14. Liberalisation and Mercantilism 15. Domestic Credit. The Creation of National Debt 16. International Public Credit 17. The Efficacy of Spain's Fiscal Military State Conclusion

Since its inception in the 1960s to the regional negotiations in the 1990s and onwards, Central American integration has been a process characterized by both dramatic advances and setbacks. This book provides a theoretical explanation of this ebb and flow, examining different stages including the military conflicts of the 1980s, the subsequent Esquipulas peace process, and the relaunch of integration during the 1990s under the System of Central American Integration (SICA).Sánchez Sánchez's analysis focuses on the policies and preferences of the larger states of the region, Costa Rica.

By virtue of a universal reason and a new spirit, part of modernity and the most radical architectural functionalism were absent of proportionality with the environment, the history and the nature. To deal with this attitude, realistic empiricism and humanist offered order and moderation with the place and culture, without losing contact with the constructive rationality and technological advances. This text intends to reach a theoretical understanding of the sense of despotism and the politic commensurability in architecture through the ville Savoye and the Leça Swimming Pool complex by Siza. ; En virtud de una razón universal y un espíritu nuevo, parte de la modernidad y del funcionalismo arquitectónico más radical se ausentaron de la proporcionalidad con el entorno, la historia y la naturaleza. Frente a esa postura, el empirismo realista y humanista ofreció orden, y mesura con el lugar y la cultura, sin perder contacto con la racionalidad constructiva y los avances tecnológicos. En este texto se pretende alcanzar una comprensión teórica del sentido del despotismo y la conmensurabilidad política en arquitectura a través de la ville Savoye y las piscinas de Marés de Siza.

Art has long called for a more fulfilling future by appealing to individual emancipation, organisational emancipation and the ¿coming community¿. In parallel, proposals are emerging that complicate some of the strategic assumptions of such rhetoric, since they are inseparable from a given cultural logic related to the liberal subject. Proposals making the case for a fatigue that is capable of deactivating the ¿neuronal violence¿ that contemporary capitalism unleashes (Han); the political potential of ¿exhaustion¿ (Bifo); and the need to recover sleep after its attack (Crary), would become programmatic restrictions that have endorsed numerous practices and talks speculating on a future that should no longer be thought of from the perspective of forms of action linked to the insurrectional tradition. Indeed, it would not be difficult to link these speculations to a longer philosophical, aesthetic tradition that challenged the so-called vita activa as a preliminary step towards establishing a better future. This article aims to address the implications of these ¿escape channels¿ on the basis of art and literature from the point of view of their close links with an ideological and economic situation that in one way or another overdetermine the proliferation of futures, that ¿after the hard work¿ they will only be viable through resignation therapeutics. ; El arte lleva largo tiempo reivindicando un futuro más pleno apelando a la emancipación individual, la autonomía organizativa o la «comunidad que viene». Paralelamente, emergen propuestas que problematizan algunos de los presupuestos estratégicos de dichas retóricas, en cuanto que resultan indisociables de una determinada lógica cultural afín al sujeto liberal. Las apologías de un cansancio susceptible de desactivar la «violencia neuronal» que despliega el capitalismo contemporáneo (Han), la potencialidad política de la «extenuación» (Bifo) o la necesidad de «recuperar el sueño tras su asalto» (Crary) vendrían a ser coartadas programáticas que han hecho suyas numerosas prácticas y discursos que especulan con un futuro que ya no deberá pensarse desde formas de acción vinculadas a la tradición insurreccional. De hecho, no costaría demasiado vincular esas especulaciones a una larga tradición filosófica y estética que cuestionó determinada vita activa como paso previo para fundar un futuro mejor. El presente artículo pretende abordar las implicaciones de esas «líneas de fuga» a partir del arte y de la literatura desde sus estrechos vínculos con una coyuntura ideológica y económica que de una manera u otra sobredetermina la proliferación de futuros, que «tras los duros trabajos», solo serán viables desde terapéuticas de la renuncia.