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I september 2004 var det 35 år siden Mu' ammar al-Gadafi grep makten i Libya. Hans regime feiret seg selv, men den store folkefesten uteble. I hvilken grad er libyerne tilfreds med sin hersker?

Historical background. Troubled heritage -- Society and state. Class ; Ethnicity -- The quest for legitimacy. Reformism ; Islamism -- Institutions and power. Monarchies ; Republics -- Scenarios of change. Democratisation ; Breakdown

Hosni Mubarak har styrt Egypt siden 1981. Ikke siden Muhammed ' Ali hersket i landet på begynnelsen av 1800-tallet har Egypt opplevd et så stabilt styre. Men Mubarak er 76 år, og et presidentskifte vil komme innen få år. Hvem etterfølger Hosni Mubarak som egyptisk president? Og hvilke følger vil et presidentskifte ha for landets innenriks- og utenrikspolitikk?

With steely determination, Xi Jinping has forged his way to absolute power at home, consolidated China's role as a global superpower, and promoted instrumental myths about his life. All the while, in many ways he has remained a mystery. Which is a problem, assert Stig Stenslie and Marte Kjær Galtung, because to understand China today, it is essential to understand Xi. Who is he? What is his vision for China? What explains his rise? How is he perceived by the masses? These are among the questions that gave rise to this book. Using Xi as a lens with which to examine China's political development over the past decade, the authors succeed in shining new light on the innermost circles of Chinese politics and on the authoritarian leader himself.

Jinping is assumed to be China's strongest leader since Deng Xiaoping - even since Mao, some argue. It might therefore be expected that Xi Jinping, at the top of a one-party state, has the power and ability to reform China. This article analyses how structural constraints limit Xi Jinping's power and freedom of action using his ability to implement a new course for the country's economic policy as case. To avoid being caught in the middle-income trap, China must adjust its investment and export-driven model to a more innovation, consumer and welfare-based development model. We use the school of historical institutionalism as framework, and examine how (i) path dependency, (ii) informal structures, norms and values, (iii) institutional autonomy, and (iv) institutional capacity in different ways limit and constrain the power and ability of Xi Jinping to implement a successful restructuring of the country's economic model. Adapted from the source document.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of illustrations -- Notes on contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction: an old activity in a new age -- 2 The historical backdrop -- 3 Intelligence as decision-making support -- 4 The necessity of experts -- 5 Open-source and social media intelligence -- 6 Analysing with artificial intelligence -- 7 Warning of hybrid threats -- 8 Futures and forecasting -- 9 Capturing the customer's attention -- 10 Avoiding politicisation -- 11 A professional code of ethics -- 12 Conclusion: towards an analyst-centric intelligence process -- Index.