Suchergebnisse

An attempt will be made to study the impacts of government policies on the distribution of income, paying close attention to the corresponding response of the different macroeconomic aggregates and balances. The Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) will be chosen as the working instrument. A numerical version of the SAM, constructed from the System of National Accounts (SNA), will serve as the basis for the construction of an algebraic version of the same matrix for Portugal. This methodological choice was linked to the fact that, underlying the SAM, there are interrelated subsystems that, in the numerical version of the matrix, provide an analytical picture of the circular flow or general equilibrium interactions of the market economy, when studied during a particular accounting period. On the other hand, in the algebraic version of the SAM, it is possible to measure and quantify the economy-wide effects of changes in the particular nominal flows represented by the numerical version (injections from and leakages into the system), which might be the result of policy measures. To this end, a computable (numerically solvable) general (economy-wide) equilibrium (macroeconomic balance) approach will be adopted. A SAM-based model will be constructed in perfect consonance with the SNA, in which each cell is defined with a linear equation or system of equations, whose components are all the known and quantified transactions of that system, using the parameters of the numerical SAM that served as the basis for this model. Scenarios will be defined and analysed from experiments carried out in relation to the distributional impact of government policies.

This paper will discuss the importance of the SAM (Social Accounting Matrix) as a consistent and flexible database for economic modelling to be used for the purpose of ensuring a better policy analysis. It will be shown how the SAM represents the circular flow of income and how it can support disaggregated economy-wide modelling. It will further be demonstrated how a SAM can be constructed from the SNA 93 (1993 version of the United Nations System of National Accounts) in an ESA 95 framework (European System of National and Regional Accounts in the European Community of 1995), and, using an example for Portugal, how it can be implemented in the European Union. ; This paper was supported by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), through the UECE

Based on the country's National Accounts, an aggregate Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) will be constructed for the Portuguese economy. The full consonance between the two will be demonstrated by identifying both the items and balances of the various internal accounts of the System of National Accounts in the constructed SAM. The balance of the government budget and the balance of payments will also be identified. Blocks of sub-matrices with common characteristics will be identified and described in terms of the national accounting transactions that are included in each of them. The SAM will be shown as a complete account of the circular flow in the economy and possible disaggregations will be explored in order to construct a database for economic modelling. From the Pilot-SAM for Portugal, the focus on households and employment will be specified in order to construct a database for a SAM-based CGE model with the aim of studying income distribution in Portugal.

Through the use of aggregate Social Accounting Matrices for Portugal, the flows of funds from three government subsectors to households will be studied, as well as the flows from the latter to the former. From the SAM modelling, both a static and a comparative static analysis will be made, in order to specify the effects of changes in the flows of funds between households and government subsectors.

Through the use of aggregate Social Accounting Matrices for Portugal, the flows of funds from three government subsectors to households will be studied, as well as the flows from the latter to the former. From the SAM modelling, both a static and a comparative static analysis will be made, in order to specify the effects of changes in the flows of funds between households and government subsectors. ; This participation was sponsored by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and the Research Unit on Complexity in Economics

Based on the principle that the study of a sector should be carried out under a general equilibrium approach, and moving beyond the context of partial equilibrium, the Social Accounting Matrix, usually referred to as SAM, is one possibility for meeting such needs, in that it provides a complete account of the circular flows in the economy. The economic flows associated with households, enterprises, government and other institutions from 1995 to 2000 will be analysed from aggregated SAMs, based on the country's national accounts statistics. Accounting multipliers will be calculated to facilitate the study of the effects resulting from changes in household income. Therefore, SAMs are modelled, and structural path analysis will be used for the decomposition of the calculated multipliers. At the end, general guidelines will be established for studying income distribution and poverty in Portugal.

Aggregated Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs) will be constructed for the Portuguese economy from 1995 to 2000, based on the country's national accounts statistics. The economic flows associated with households, enterprises, government and other institutions will be analysed, as well as their evolution, whilst accounting multipliers will be calculated to facilitate the study of the effects resulting from changes in household income. Therefore, SAMs are modelled and structural path analysis will be used for the decomposition of the calculated multipliers. At the end, the general guidelines will be established for following the study of income distribution and poverty in Portugal.

Aggregated Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs) will be constructed for the Portuguese economy from 1995 to 2000, based on the country's national accounts statistics. The economic flows associated with households, enterprises, government and other institutions will be analysed, as well as their evolution, whilst accounting multipliers will be calculated to facilitate the study of the effects resulting from changes in household income. Therefore, SAMs are modelled and structural path analysis will be used for the decomposition of the calculated multipliers. At the end, the general guidelines will be established for following the study of income distribution and poverty in Portugal. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The study of the Social Accounting Matrix, usually known as SAM, arises from the need to place sectors within the general context of the economy, as well as the need to find out more about the effects of macroeconomic policies at the sectoral level and sectoral policies at the macroeconomic level. Based on the principle that the study of a sector should be carried out under a general equilibrium approach, moving beyond the context of partial equilibrium, the SAM is one possibility for meeting such needs, in that it provides a complete account of the circular flow in the economy. After presenting the general characteristics of their framework, three SAMs (1997¬1999) will be constructed, with emphasis on the General Government sector. These will be created from the more recent data of the Portuguese System of National Accounts, the harmony between them both being demonstrated for the first year by identifying the identities and balances of the system's various internal accounts on the constructed matrix. The modelling of the constructed SAMs will begin with the deduction and decomposition of accounting multipliers, which will be used to study the impact of Economic Policy measures, namely Budget Policy, on the Portuguese economy. Tests will be performed to check the veracity of the SAMs, using both accounting and fixed-price multipliers. It will be concluded that the SAM is a working instrument providing a database that can be specially designed for specific economic analysis, as well as decision-making purposes.

Aggregated Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs) will be built for the Portuguese economy in 1998 and 1999, based on the country's national accounts statistics. The SAMs will be shown as a working instrument for quantifying the flows in the economic circuit and for simulating the effects resulting from changes in such flows. The economic flows associated with the government subsectors will be emphasised, whilst accounting multipliers will be calculated to facilitate the study of the effects resulting from changes in the government's expenditure and receipts, which will also be subjected to a test on their veracity.

In a "top-down" approach, for which the starting point should be the building of an aggregated Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) based on the country's national accounts statistics, a SAM will be built for the Portuguese economy in 1997. The SAM will be shown as a work instrument for quantifying the flows in the economic circuit and for simulating resulting effects of changes in such flows. The full consonance with the National Accounting System will be demonstrated identifying the identities and balances of the various internal accounts of the System in the constructed SAM. The economic flows between Portugal and the other European Union Member States and Institutions will be emphasised and the accounting multipliers that are calculated will facilitate the study of the resulting effects of changes in these flows. The impact of a total cut in investment grants from the European Union to the Portuguese economy will be studied.

This article proposes a reflection around the organizational-based professionalism model and its interconnections with the state and the market through the lens of young lawyers' discourses. The professional pathways of young business lawyers were investigated using a mixed-methods design based on life histories interviews and observation. The findings explore the dynamics of professional socialization, highlighting the importance of the training and the career plan in the inculcation of professional values based on the idea of promoting an unstoppable worker.