Suchergebnisse

The aim of this study is to understand how spatial effects influence maritime
connectivity. We use a spatial econometric model on panel data for a sample of 114 countries
over the period 2004-2017. The results show that there are positive interaction effects that
describe a center-periphery relation. We focus specifically on two regions: Northern Europe
and the Mediterranean. The results for these two regions indicate substantial differences.
In Northern Europe, there is a significant positive spatial dependence with positive
spillover effects. Conversely, the Mediterranean region is characterized by a negative
spatial dependence, leading to strong competition between countries.

AbstractThis study focuses on the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation, by testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Vietnam, a main export‐oriented country that features a long period of economic growth. The main originality of this work is that, unlike previous studies, it uses ecological footprint as the main indicator for environmental degradation. This allows to reconsider the results from previous studies that only focus on CO2 emissions performances. The cointegration between the analysed variables is investigated using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach. To determine the parameters of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in the sample, this work additionally analyses long‐ and short‐run estimations. The paper shows that the EKC hypothesis holds in the long term for Vietnam when using ecological footprint. Nevertheless, it also shows that not only growth but also primary energy consumption contributes to increased environmental destruction. An active ecological policy and the decrease of fossil energy use seem necessary to allow Vietnam to keep a high level of economic growth and reduce environmental degradation.