Suchergebnisse

Warum ein Memorandum zur Versorgungsforschung im letzten Lebensjahr?Mit den Fortschritten der Medizin und dem demographischen Wandel wird nicht nur die
Lebensspanne in der Bevölkerung verlängert, sondern bei dem
zunehmenden Anteil von alten und hochaltrigen Menschen auch immer häufiger
die letzte Lebenszeit mit Multimorbidität, Demenz oder mit schweren
beeinträchtigenden Erkrankungen verbracht. Daraus resultiert ein wachsender
Bedarf an palliativer Versorgung, der auch mit einer zunehmenden Relevanz qualitativ
hochwertiger Versorgungsforschung auf diesem Gebiet einhergeht. Über die
letzten Jahrzehnte hat die Forschung zu palliativer Versorgung und ihren
Besonderheiten enorm zugenommen, so dass mittlerweile ein beachtlicher Korpus an
empirischen Erkenntnissen dazu entstanden ist. Eine strukturierte, systematische
Übersicht und Bewertung der verwendeten Methoden in diesem Bereich liegt
jedoch im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher noch nicht vor. Das Memorandum zur
"Versorgungsforschung im letzten Lebensjahr" will diese
Lücke schließen.

Die . Kapitel dieses Berichts widmen sich den vier Teilprojekten der Pilotstudie. In Kapitel 2 wird zunächst das Teilprojekt 1 "Die Sprachen der Wissenschaft: Eine Pilotstudie zur forschenden Reflexion über Mehrsprachigkeit am Beispiel Nachhaltigkeitsforschung" vorgestellt, das der Dimension der Wissenschaftsreflexion im Nachhaltigkeitskonzept der Universität entspricht. [.] Kapitel 3 stellt das Teilprojekt 2 dar: "Mehrsprachigkeit in der Medizin - Eine Pilotstudie zu Bedarfen, Ressourcen und Praktiken hinsichtlich der Mehrsprachigkeit im Krankenhaus", das der Säule "Forschung" im Nachhaltigkeitskonzept der Universität zuzuordnen ist. [.] Das dritte Teilprojekt, welches im Kapitel 4 dieses Berichts vorgestellt wird, widmete sich der Sprachen der universitären Lehre. Unter dem Titel "Die Sprachen der Lehre: English in the Multilingual University" wurden die Annahmen untersucht, dass mehrsprachig Erzogene über ein ausdifferenzierteres sprachliches Repertoire sowie ein ausgeprägtes Sprachbewusstsein verfügen, die sich bei der Verwendung vom Englischen als Lingua franca als vorteilhaft erweisen. Darüber hinaus wurden explorativ Einstellungen zum Gebrauch von sowie Lernmotivationen in Bezug auf Englisch (als Lingua franca), Deutsch (als Fremdsprache) sowie weitere Fremdsprachen erhoben. [.] Kapitel 5 widmet sich dem Teilprojekt "Die Sprachen des Campus: Mehrsprachigkeit als Ressource nachhaltiger Governance". Ziel dieses Projekts ist es, Erkenntnisse über Mehrsprachigkeit in der Universitätsadministration zu gewinnen. (DIPF/Orig.)

Germany, like many other countries, is affected by the high and steadily increasing health and economic burden of mental illness. In 2015, the reference year of the RECOVER study, mental illnesses in Germany caused annual societal costs of 146 billion euros, 4.8% of the gross domestic product, and the trend is rising. (1) Of these, 44.4 billion euros were direct health costs, including 24.9 billion euros in hospital costs. (2) According tothe Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the insufficient establishment of evidence-based care models in Germany plays a role here, especially for people with severe mental illnesses. (3).

BACKGROUND: Levels of physical activity and variation in physical activity and sedentary time by place and person in European children and adolescents are largely unknown. The objective of the study was to assess the variations in objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in children and adolescents across Europe. METHODS: Six databases were systematically searched to identify pan-European and national data sets on physical activity and sedentary time assessed by the same accelerometer in children (2 to 9.9 years) and adolescents (≥10 to 18 years). We harmonized individual-level data by reprocessing hip-worn raw accelerometer data files from 30 different studies conducted between 1997 and 2014, representing 47,497 individuals (2–18 years) from 18 different European countries. RESULTS: Overall, a maximum of 29% (95% CI: 25, 33) of children and 29% (95% CI: 25, 32) of adolescents were categorized as sufficiently physically active. We observed substantial country- and region-specific differences in physical activity and sedentary time, with lower physical activity levels and prevalence estimates in Southern European countries. Boys were more active and less sedentary in all age-categories. The onset of age-related lowering or leveling-off of physical activity and increase in sedentary time seems to become apparent at around 6 to 7 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Two third of European children and adolescents are not sufficiently active. Our findings suggest substantial gender-, country- and region-specific differences in physical activity. These results should encourage policymakers, governments, and local and national stakeholders to take action to facilitate an increase in the physical activity levels of young people across Europe.

The Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) is a large, prospective, long-term, population-based cohort study and a unique research platform and network to obtain substantial knowledge about several important risk and prognostic factors in major chronic diseases. A random sample of 45,000 participants between 45 and 74 years of age from the general population of Hamburg, Germany, are taking part in an extensive baseline assessment at one dedicated study center. Participants undergo 13 validated and 5 novel examinations primarily targeting major organ system function and structures including extensive imaging examinations. The protocol includes validate self-reports via questionnaires regarding lifestyle and environmental conditions, dietary habits, physical condition and activity, sexual dysfunction, professional life, psychosocial context and burden, quality of life, digital media use, occupational, medical and family history as well as healthcare utilization. The assessment is completed by genomic and proteomic characterization. Beyond the identification of classical risk factors for major chronic diseases and survivorship, the core intention is to gather valid prevalence and incidence, and to develop complex models predicting health outcomes based on a multitude of examination data, imaging, biomarker, psychosocial and behavioral assessments. Participants at risk for coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke and dementia are invited for a visit to conduct an additional MRI examination of either heart or brain. Endpoint assessment of the overall sample will be completed through repeated follow-up examinations and surveys as well as related individual routine data from involved health and pension insurances. The study is targeting the complex relationship between biologic and psychosocial risk and resilience factors, chronic disease, health care use, survivorship and health as well as favorable and bad prognosis within a unique, large-scale long-term assessment with the perspective of further examinations after 6 years in a representative European metropolitan population.

Aim: Animal movement is an important determinant of individual survival, population dynamics and ecosystem structure and function. Nonetheless, it is still unclear how local movements are related to resource availability and the spatial arrangement of resources. Using resident bird species and migratory bird species outside the migratory period, we examined how the distribution of resources affects the movement patterns of both large terrestrial birds (e.g., raptors, bustards and hornbills) and waterbirds (e.g., cranes, storks, ducks, geese and flamingos). Location: Global. Time period: 2003–2015. Major taxa studied: Birds. Methods: We compiled GPS tracking data for 386 individuals across 36 bird species. We calculated the straight‐line distance between GPS locations of each individual at the 1‐hr and 10‐day time‐scales. For each individual and time‐scale, we calculated the median and 0.95 quantile of displacement. We used linear mixed‐effects models to examine the effect of the spatial arrangement of resources, measured as enhanced vegetation index homogeneity, on avian movements, while accounting for mean resource availability, body mass, diet, flight type, migratory status and taxonomy and spatial autocorrelation. Results: We found a significant effect of resource spatial arrangement at the 1‐hr and 10‐day time‐scales. On average, individual movements were seven times longer in environments with homogeneously distributed resources compared with areas of low resource homogeneity. Contrary to previous work, we found no significant effect of resource availability, diet, flight type, migratory status or body mass on the non‐migratory movements of birds. Main conclusions: We suggest that longer movements in homogeneous environments might reflect the need for different habitat types associated with foraging and reproduction. This highlights the importance of landscape complementarity, where habitat patches within a landscape include a range of different, yet complementary resources. As habitat homogenization increases, it might force birds to travel increasingly longer distances to meet their diverse needs. ; National Trust for Scotland; Penguin Foundation; The U.S. Department of Energy, Grant/Award Number: DE-EE0005362; Australian Research Council; NASA's Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE), Grant/Award Number: NNX15AV92A; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Grant/Award Number: VIDI 864.10.006; BCC; NSF Award, Grant/Award Number: ABI-1458748; U.K. Department for Energy and Climate Change; 'Juan de la Cierva ‐ Incorporación' postdoctoral grant; Irish Research Council, Grant/Award Number: GOIPD/2015/81 ; DECC; Goethe International Postdoctoral Programme, People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007‐2013/ under REA grant agreement no [291776]; German Aerospace Center Award, Grant/Award Number: 50JR1601; Scottish Natural Heritage; Solway Coast AONB Sustainable Development Fund; COWRIE Ltd.; Heritage Lottery Fund; Robert Bosch Stiftung; NSF Division of Biological Infrastructure Award, Grant/Award Number: 1564380; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Grant/Award Number: IJCI-2014-19190; Energinet.dk; NASA Award, Grant/Award Number: NNX15AV92A; MAVA Foundation; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Grant/Award Number: SFRH/BPD/118635/2016; National Key R&D Program of China, Grant/Award Number: 2016YFC0500406; Green Fund of the Greek Ministry of Environment